Biological control of pCO2 at station L4 in the Western English Channel over 3 years

Litt, Emmer J.; Hardman-Mountford, Nick J.; Blackford, Jerry; Goodman, Andrew L.; Moore, Gerald; Cummings, Denise; Butenschön, Momme

doi:10.1093/plankt/fbp133

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Jiang et al (2008) found significant difference in between hide tide and low tide sampling period in the Altamaha Sound, a riverdominated estuary. Litt et al (2010) also found during some cruises that variability of pCO 2 has tidal influence. They showed this relationship via a significant negative correlation with salinity and high temperature dependence.…”

Section: Small-scale Influence On Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics: Tidalmentioning

confidence: 76%

Tidal and seasonal carbon and nutrient dynamics of the Guadalquivir estuary and the Bay of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)

Ribas-Ribas

Anfuso²,

Gómez-Parra³

et al. 2013

Biogeosciences

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To study the effects of the physical environment on carbon and nutrient cycle dynamics on the north-eastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz, changes in currents, tides, salinity, temperature, carbon system parameters (fugacity of CO₂ (fCO₂), dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pH) and other related parameters(dissolved oxygen, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), nutrients and suspended particulate matter) were measured in transects across the Guadalquivir estuary and Bay of Cádiz mouths. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of these inner ecosystems on the carbon and nutrient distributions on the adjacent continental shelf. Three cruises were undertaken in June 2006, November 2006 and February 2007. During the whole study period, Guadalquivir estuary exported components at a rate of 3 Gmol of SiO₂, 4 Gmol of DIN, 3 Gmol of TDN, 31 Gmol of DOC and 604 Gmol of DIC per year. On the other hand, Bay of Cádiz imported 3 Gmol of SiO₂, 1 Gmol of DIN, 2 Gmol of TDN, 33 Gmol of DOC and 562 Gmol of DIC per year. Diurnal variability of fCO₂ could have a potentially important implication on the estimate of air–sea CO₂ fluxes. Tides influence velocity and transport of carbon and nutrients: we found statistically significant differences (p < 0.0001, n = 220) between the flood tide (the mean velocity was 4.85 cm s^–1) and the ebb tide (the mean velocity was −5.67 cm s^–1). Biological activity and diurnal changes have also an important role on the carbon and nutrient dynamics. Seasonal carbon and nutrient variations were found. During June, both systems were exporting components to the adjacent continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz, whereas in February both systems were importing. Monthly studies should be undertaken to completely understand this dynamic system

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Section: Small-scale Influence On Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics: Tidalmentioning

confidence: 76%

Tidal and seasonal carbon and nutrient dynamics of the Guadalquivir estuary and the Bay of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)

Ribas-Ribas

Anfuso²,

Gómez-Parra³

et al. 2013

Biogeosciences

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show abstract

“…For example, Dai et al . [] report an observed diurnal variability of 10–15 μatm in the stratified South China Sea, while 30–40 μatm changes are reported for the English Channel [ Litt et al ., ; Bozec et al ., ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temporal variability in sea surface pCO 2 implied from the analysis is therefore sufficient to explain the reported diurnal variability observed in similar shelf sea hydrographic regimes. For example, Dai et al [2009] report an observed diurnal variability of 10-15 latm in the stratified South China Sea, while 30-40 latm changes are reported for the English Channel [Litt et al, 2010;Bozec et al, 2011].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of vertical mixing on sea surface pCO₂ in temperate seasonally stratified shelf seas

et al. 2014

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A key parameter in determining the exchange of CO 2 across the ocean-atmosphere interface is the sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO 2 ). Temperate seasonally stratified shelf seas represent a significant sink for atmospheric CO 2 . Here an analytical model is used to quantify the impact of vertical mixing across the seasonal thermocline on pCO 2 . The model includes the impacts of the resultant dissolved inorganic carbon, heat, salt, and alkalinity fluxes on the solubility of CO 2 and the effect of the inorganic carbon sink created by the primary production fuelled by the flux of limiting nutrient. The results indicate that diapycnal mixing drives a modest but continuous change in pCO 2 of order 1-10 matm d21 . In quantifying the individual impacts of the fluxes of the different parameters, we find that the impact of the fluxes of DIC and nitrate fluxes dominate. In consequence, both the direction and magnitude of the change in pCO 2 are strongly dependent on the C:N uptake ratio in primary production. While the smaller impacts of the heat and salt fluxes tend to compensate for each other at midshelf locations, the heat flux dominates close to the shelf break. The analysis highlights the importance of the accurate parameterization of the C:N uptake ratio, the surface-mixed layer depth, and the TKE dissipation rate within the seasonal thermocline in models to be used to predict the air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide in these regimes. The results implicate storms as key periods of pCO 2 perturbation.

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“…Metabolic processes (i.e. photosynthesis during phytoplankton blooms), solubility and advection have been shown to control seawater pCO 2 at station L4, with spring and summer showing the greatest atmospheric CO 2 drawdown during stratified conditions, with CO 2 outgassing during the breakdown of stratification during autumn (Litt et al, 2010).…”

Section: Trends In Phaeocystis Spp Biomass From Time-series Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated CO2 on phytoplankton community biomass and species composition during a spring Phaeocystis spp. bloom in the western English Channel

et al. 2017

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A 21-year time series of phytoplankton community structure was analysed in relation to Phaeocystis spp. to elucidate its contribution to the annual carbon budget at station L4 in the western English Channel (WEC).Between 1993-2014 Phaeocystis spp. contributed $4.6% of the annual phytoplankton carbon and during the March À May spring bloom, the mean Phaeocystis spp. biomass constituted 17% with a maximal contribution of 47% in 2001. Upper maximal weekly values above the time series mean ranged from 63 to 82% of the total phytoplankton carbon ($42-137 mg carbon (C) m À3 ) with significant interannual variability in Phaeocystis spp. Maximal biomass usually occurred by the end of April, although in some cases as early as mid-April (2007) and as late as late May (2013).The effects of elevated pCO 2 on the Phaeocystis spp. spring bloom were investigated during a fifteenday semi-continuous microcosm experiment. The phytoplankton community biomass was estimated at $160 mg C m À3 and was dominated by nanophytoplankton (40%, excluding Phaeocystis spp.), Phaeocystis spp. (30%) and cryptophytes (12%). The smaller fraction of the community biomass comprised picophytoplankton (9%), coccolithophores (3%), Synechococcus (3%), dinoflagellates (1.5%), ciliates (1%) and diatoms (0.5%). Over the experimental period, total biomass increased significantly by 90% to $305 mg C m À3 in the high CO 2 treatment while the ambient pCO 2 control showed no net gains. Phaeocystis spp. exhibited the greatest response to the high CO 2 treatment, increasing by 330%, from $50 mg C m À3 to over 200 mg C m À3 and contributing $70% of the total biomass.Taken together, the results of our microcosm experiment and analysis of the time series suggest that a future high CO 2 scenario may favour dominance of Phaeocystis spp. during the spring bloom. This has significant implications for the formation of hypoxic zones and the alteration of food web structure including inhibitory feeding effects and lowered fecundity in many copepod species.Crown

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Biological control of pCO2 at station L4 in the Western English Channel over 3 years

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Tidal and seasonal carbon and nutrient dynamics of the Guadalquivir estuary and the Bay of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)

Tidal and seasonal carbon and nutrient dynamics of the Guadalquivir estuary and the Bay of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)

Impact of vertical mixing on sea surface pCO₂ in temperate seasonally stratified shelf seas

Effects of elevated CO2 on phytoplankton community biomass and species composition during a spring Phaeocystis spp. bloom in the western English Channel

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Biological control of pCO2 at station L4 in the Western English Channel over 3 years

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Tidal and seasonal carbon and nutrient dynamics of the Guadalquivir estuary and the Bay of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)

Tidal and seasonal carbon and nutrient dynamics of the Guadalquivir estuary and the Bay of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)

Impact of vertical mixing on sea surface pCO2 in temperate seasonally stratified shelf seas

Effects of elevated CO2 on phytoplankton community biomass and species composition during a spring Phaeocystis spp. bloom in the western English Channel

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Impact of vertical mixing on sea surface pCO₂ in temperate seasonally stratified shelf seas