Biological Control of Apples Blue Mold by Isolates of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Abstract

Yeasts (52, 51, 69, and 04) were received from Biotechnology Center of Karaj and Penicillium expansum isolates P 11 and P 12 isolated from Golden Delicious. Isolates were evaluated as a potential biological control agents of apple blue mold caused by P. expansum.Dual culture, cell free metabolites and volatile test were used in vitro assay. All tested of yeast isolates inhibited growth of P. expansum.The inhibition varied among isolates of yeasts and ranged from 19.81% to 40.73%, in dual culture, from 43.16% to 66.44% in volatile metabolite and from 22.16% to 50.23% in cell free metabolite test.Apple fruit wounds were inoculated with 40 µl of yeast cell suspension (10 7 cell/ml) followed 48 h later by P. expansum (10 5 conidia/ ml). The apples were then incubated at 25°C. Four isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduced, the decay area from 13.46 to 24.92 cm 2 compared to 32.18 cm 2 in control after incubation for 14 days at 25°C. At 5°C, the lesion size ranged from 13.58 to 24.68 cm 2 for the antagonist treatments compared to 22 cm 2 for the control treatments after 32 days. The isolate 69 of S. cervisiae was the most effective isolate at both tempetures in this assay and could be one of important new biological control agents for apple blue mold.

Efficacy of Non-Chemical Alternatives on Blue Mold of Apple under Controlled Cold Storage Conditions

“…Coscia at 50 °C for 1-2 min resulted in 27-31% less blue mould decay, while the 4-min dip yielded 90% less decay than in control fruit (Schirra et al, 2009). Gholamnejad et al (2009) showed that all tested yeast isolates inhibited growth of P. expansum used for in vitro assay and that isolate 69 of S. cervisiae was the most effective in reducing the decay of apple fruits indicating its potential use as a valuable biological agent for the control of apple blue mold. Mexican lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) fruits under cold storage were effectively protected from blue mold by the yeast, Debaryomyces hansenii (Hernández-Montiel et al, 2012).…”

Evaluation of yeasts obtained from Antarctic soil samples as biocontrol agents for the management of postharvest diseases of apple (Malus × domestica)

“…The production of volatile compounds by At17 having inhibitory antifungal activity against both pathogens was observed. Inhibition of fungal pathogens by volatile compounds produced by yeasts has been previously reported (Druvefors et al ., ; Gholamnejad et al ., ; Huang et al ., ). Druvefors et al .…”

“…The production of volatile compounds by At17 having inhibitory antifungal activity against both pathogens was observed. Inhibition of fungal pathogens by volatile compounds produced by yeasts has been previously reported (Druvefors et al, 2005;Gholamnejad et al, 2009;Huang et al, 2011). Druvefors et al (2005) identified ethyl acetate and ethanol as the volatile compounds involved in the inhibition of Penicillium roquefortii by Wickerhamomyces anomalus (Pichia anomala), while Huang et al (2011) found that 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene and 3-methyl-1-butanol, were the most abundant volatile compounds with antifungal activity against B. cinerea, produced by Candida intermedia.…”

Molecular basis and regulation of pathogenicity and patulin biosynthesis in Penicillium expansum

“…Biological control based on naturally occurring microorganisms has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to fungicides (Droby, Wisniewski, Macarisin, & Wilson, 2009). There has been extensive research on exploring and developing strategies based on microbial antagonists to control blue mold caused by P. expansum (Gholamnejad, Etebarian, Roustaee, & Sahebani, 2009; Li & Tian, 2007; Qin, Tian, Liu, & Xu, 2003; Qin, Tian, & Xu, 2004; Tian, Qin, & Xu, 2005). Generally, the selection and use of microbial antagonists is primarily focused on yeasts, because they, as ideal antagonistic agents, have many of the desired characteristics (Spadaro & Gullino, 2004) including their ability to rapidly colonize and grow in surface wounds and subsequently outcompete pathogens for nutrients and space.…”