Biological considerations of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells

Effects of immobilized VEGF on endothelial progenitor cells cultured on silicon substituted and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatites

“…16 These cells can be isolated from peripheral blood, expanded and used for tissue engineering to promote revascularization of injured tissues. 16,[20][21][22] An increasing number of studies are documenting their potential use not only as repair tools but also as biomarkers in numerous diseases including cardiovascular pathologies, kidney disease, stroke and, more recently, neurodegenerative disorders. 23,24 These cells are also the focus of diverse translational and clinical trials for bone regeneration.…”

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase as A Marker for Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells

“…EPCs were suggested to home to sites of neovascularization and neoendothelialization and differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) in situ (Timmermans et al 2009). Therefore, EPCs have been proposed to have potential applicability in areas of therapeutic neovascularization, vascular repair, tumour pathology and tissue engineering (Griese et al 2003;Urbich and Dimmeler 2004;Dome et al 2008;Papathanasopoulos and Giannoudis 2008).…”

Tissue Engineering of Ligaments

“…They are found in multiple adult tissue types including bone marrow, muscle, synovial tissue and adipose tissue (Centeno, Busse et al 2008), where they have the potential to produce cartilage, bone, muscle, tendon, ligament or fat (Papathanasopoulos and Gaiannoudis 2008) in response to the appropriate stimuli (Lanza, Langer et al 2007). MSC's can be encouraged to move down specific cell lineages by using media which contains hormones such as dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, or growth factors such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) (Papathanasopoulos and Gaiannoudis 2008), cytokines, transcription factors (Lanza, Langer et al 2007) or using purely mechanical stimulus (Altman, Horan et al 2001). MSC's have been used successfully to regenerate articular cartilage in animal models and to regenerate bone in humans (Papathanasopoulos and Gaiannoudis 2008).…”

“…MSC's can be encouraged to move down specific cell lineages by using media which contains hormones such as dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, or growth factors such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) (Papathanasopoulos and Gaiannoudis 2008), cytokines, transcription factors (Lanza, Langer et al 2007) or using purely mechanical stimulus (Altman, Horan et al 2001). MSC's have been used successfully to regenerate articular cartilage in animal models and to regenerate bone in humans (Papathanasopoulos and Gaiannoudis 2008). Because they can be easily isolated and expanded (Papathanasopoulos and Gaiannoudis 2008;Yu, Chen et al 2008), with the capacity to differentiate, this makes them desirable for tissue engineering applications (Papathanasopoulos and Gaiannoudis 2008).…”