Biological Behavioral Alterations of the Post-neural Differentiated Dental Pulp Stem Cells Through an in situ Microenvironment

Abstract

Transplantation of undifferentiated dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) may suffer from tumorigenesis. Neuronal differentiated DPSCs (d-DPSCs) have emerged as an ideal source to treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Moreover, different components of culture medium functioned on the characteristics of d-DPSCs in vitro. In this study, d-DPSCs were cultured in three types of medium: Neurobasal®®-A medium supplemented with 2% B27 (the 2% B27 NM group), Neurobasal® -A medium supplemented with 2% B27 and 5% FBS (the 2% B27 + 5% FBS NM group), and α-MEM containing 10% FBS (the 10% FBS α-MEM group). We found that d-DPSCs in the 2% B27 + 5% FBS NM group had lower proliferation and reduced expression of transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) and CD146, whereas up-regulated Nestin and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2). Notably, d-DPSCs in the 10% FBS α-MEM group possessed high proliferative capacity, decreased expression of neuron-like markers and partially restored stemness. It was demonstrated that d-DPSCs cultured in the 2% B27 + 5% FBS NM could maintain their neuron-like characteristics. Besides, d-DPSCs cultivated in the 10% FBS α-MEM could partially recover their stem cells properties, indicating that neural differentiation of DPSCs was reversible and could open novel avenues for exploring the pluripotency of DPSCs.

Neuronal Cell Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Synthetic Polymeric Surfaces Coated With ECM Proteins

“…Most previous studies focused on the development of differentiation medium to induce MSCs into cells derived from three different germ layers ( Lee et al, 2004 ; Xu et al, 2004 ; Anghileri et al, 2008 ; Pavlova et al, 2012 ; Andrzejewska et al, 2019 ; Higuchi et al, 2019 ), and these studies demonstrated that MSCs had great potential to differentiate into cells derived from all three germ layers ( Lee et al, 2004 ; Xu et al, 2004 ; Anghileri et al, 2008 ; Pavlova et al, 2012 ; Andrzejewska et al, 2019 ; Higuchi et al, 2019 ); in some ways, these characteristics are comparable to hPSCs ( Higuchi et al, 2015 ; Andrzejewska et al, 2019 ). Currently, only a few studies have investigated the effect of cell culture biomaterials on MSC differentiation into specific lineages of cells, especially neural cell lineages ( Prabhakaran et al, 2009 ; Zhang et al, 2016 ; Ghorbani et al, 2018 ; Luo et al, 2018a ; Luo et al, 2018b ; Hsiao et al, 2020 ; Luo et al, 2020 ; Albashari et al, 2021 ; Zhu et al, 2021b ).…”

Dental pulp stem cell‐derived exosomes alleviate cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury through suppressing inflammatory response

“…In comparison, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), originated from neural crest and enclosed in a dental pulp chamber, seem to be an excellent source of stem cells. Because DPSCs can be extracted from discarded teeth, which is non‐invasive and raises no ethic concerns 7,8 . A recent animal study showed that exosomes secreted from DPSCs had stronger immuno‐modulating effects than those from the BMSCs 9 .…”

“…Because DPSCs can be extracted from discarded teeth, which is non‐invasive and raises no ethic concerns. 7 , 8 A recent animal study showed that exosomes secreted from DPSCs had stronger immuno‐modulating effects than those from the BMSCs. 9 An intravenous administration of DPSCs was proved to confer a similar functional recovery and superior reduction in infarct size following the middle cerebral artery occlusion in a rat model compared with the administration of BMSCs.…”

Local Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Using a Dental Pulp Stem Cell Encapsulated H2S Releasing Multifunctional Injectable Hydrogel

“…Neurogenic Differentiation of DPSCs and Culture of d-DPSCs: The neurogenic differentiation of DPSCs was performed similarly as in an earlier work. [52] Briefly, DPSCs were cultured in 48-well plates at 1 × 10 3 cells well −1 in complete 𝛼-MEM containing 10% FBS 100 U mL −1 penicillin, and 100 μg mL −1 streptomycin and incubated for 24 h. Then neurogenic induction medium (NM), Neurobasal-A medium supplemented with 2% B27, 20 ng mL −1 EGF, and 20 ng mL −1 bFGF, was applied. Cells that were under neurogenic induction were challenged with LPS (100 ng mL −1 ) in absence or presence of nanoparticles (30 μg of JK noted as OMSF@JK1, 60 μg of JK noted as OMSF@JK2, and 100 μg of JK noted as OMSF@JK3) for 3, 6, and 12 days.…”