Biological attributes of age and gender variations in Indian COVID-19 cases: A retrospective data analysis

Abstract

Background: The associated risk factors, co-morbid conditions and biological variations varying with gender and age might be the cause of higher COVID-19 infection and deaths among males and older persons. The objective of this study was to predict and specify the biological attributes of variation in age and gender-based on COVID-19 status (deceased/recovered). Methods: In this retrospective study, the data was extracted from a recognised web-based portal. A total of 112,860 patients record was filtered out and an additional 9,131 records were separately analyzed to examine age and gender relationship with patient`s COVID-19 status (recovered/deceased). Chi-square, t-test, binary logistic regression, and longitudinal regression analysis were conducted. Results: The male COVID-19 cases (65.39%) were more than females (34.61%) and mean age of infected and recovered patients was 39.47±17.59 years and 36.85±18.51 years respectively. The odds for infection was significantly higher among females for lower age categories, which declines with age. The age-adjusted odds for recovery were significantly higher among females (O.R.=1.779) and odds for recovery was highest in 5-17 years age category (O.R.=88.286) independent of gender. Conclusion: The chances of being COVID-19 infected was higher for females of lower age categories (<35 years) which decreases with age. The odds for recovery among females was significantly higher than males. The chances of recovery declines with increasing age and the variation could be attributed to the biological differences between age categories and gender.

Online Shopping Behavior among Food Consumers during Pandemic: a Cross Generation Study

“…This generation has more fear than other generations. This is very reasonable because this generation is a generation susceptible to the COVID-19 virus [15]. Concerns about food handling impact online food buying behaviour so that not everyone in this generation chooses online food buying even though before the pandemic they often did it.…”

“…Meanwhile, generations X, Y, and Z have a common fear of being exposed to the covid virus because they are not vulnerable to the covid-19 virus [15]. This can be seen from the way they carry out health protocols in food handling.…”