Biological and molecular variation amongst Australian Turnip mosaic virus isolates

Abstract

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) causes crop losses worldwide. Eight Australian TuMV isolates originally obtained from five different species in two plant families were inoculated to 14 plant species belonging to four families to compare their host reactions. They differed considerably in virulence in Brassicaceae crop species and virus indicator hosts belonging to three other families. The isolates infected most Brassica species inoculated, but not Raphanus sativus, usually causing systemic mosaic symptoms, so they resembled TuMV biological host type [B]. Whole genome sequences of seven of the Australian isolates were obtained and had lengths of 9834 nucleotides (nt). When they were compared with 37 non-recombinant TuMV genomes from other continents and another whole genome from Australia, six of them formed an Australian group within the overall world-B phylogenetic grouping, while the remaining new genome sequence and the additional whole genome from Australia were part of the basal-B grouping. When the seven new Australian genomes and the additional whole genome from Australia were subjected to recombination analysis, six different recombination events were found. Six genomes contained one or two recombination events each, but one was non-recombinant. The non-recombinant isolate was in the Australian grouping within the overall world-B group while the remaining recombinant isolates were in the basal-B and world-B phylogenetic groups.

Analyses of Twelve New Whole Genome Sequences of Cassava Brown Streak Viruses and Ugandan Cassava Brown Streak Viruses from East Africa: Diversity, Supercomputing and Evidence for Further Speciation

“…this study). Similar naming systems have been either adopted, or recently proposed in a number of other viruses, particularly the potyviruses [ 12 , 48 , 49 ].…”

The apparent non‐host resistance of Ethiopian mustard to a radish‐infecting strain of Turnip mosaic virus is largely determined by the C‐terminal region of the P3 viral protein

“…Unfortunately, none of these reports provided details of the strain characterization of the infecting TuMV isolates. Work on TuMV and Ethiopian mustard has also been carried out in Australia (Nyalugwe et al ., ). None of the TuMV isolates reported as infecting crops or weeds in Australia belonged to the viral strain represented by isolate JPN 1 (Sánchez et al ., ; Tomimura et al ., ); therefore, although isolates were tested on Ethiopian mustard (Nyalugwe et al ., ), we could not establish direct comparisons.…”

A proposal to rationalize within-species plant virus nomenclature: benefits and implications of inaction

“…Before we recommended it for three other viruses [12,19,20,23], this same nomenclature system was already in use with potato virus X [21] and hardenbergia mosaic virus [28]. There are other alternatives, such as using a mixture of Latinised numerals and alphabet letters (as with zucchini yellow mosaic virus [5]), alphabet letters alone, or standard numerals.…”