Biological and Molecular Variability of Alfalfa mosaic virus Affecting Alfalfa Crop in Riyadh Region

Abstract

In 2011–2012, sixty nine samples were collected from alfalfa plants showing viral infection symptoms in Riyadh region. Mechanical inoculation with sap prepared from two collected samples out of twenty five possitive for Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) by ELISA were produced systemic mosaic on Vigna unguiculata and Nicotiana tabacum, local lesion on Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa. Vicia faba indicator plants that induce mosaic and mottle with AMV-Sagir isolate and no infection with AMV-Wadi aldawasser isolate. Approximately 700-bp was formed by RT-PCR using AMV coat protein specific primer. Samples from infected alfalfa gave positive results, while healthy plant gave negative result using dot blot hybridization assay. The nucleotide sequences of the Saudi isolates were compared with corresponding viral nucleotide sequences reported in GenBank. The obtained results showed that the AMV from Australia, Brazil, Puglia and China had the highest similarity with AMV-Sajer isolate. While, the AMV from Spain and New Zealaland had the lowest similarity with AMV-Sajer and Wadi aldawasser isolates. The data obtained in this study has been deposited in the GenBank under the accession numbers KC434083 and KC434084 for AMV-Sajer and AMV- Wadialdawasser respectively. This is the first report regarding the gnetic make up of AMV in Saudi Arabia.

Detection of new viruses in alfalfa, weeds and cultivated plants growing adjacent to alfalfa fields in Saudi Arabia

“…In conclusion, it is clear from this investigation that most of the previous studies with alfalfa viral diseases were aiming at detecting only AMV in this crop. (AL-Saleh and Amer, 2013, Al-Shahwan et al, 2010, Al-Abrahim, 2004, AL-Shahwan, 2002, Cook et al, 1984). This crop is in fact found infected with 11 viruses as shown from this study.…”

Molecular Characterization of the Coat Protein Genome of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AMV) Isolates from Alfalfa in Van Province

“…AMV infections of alfalfa naturally have been reported in Australia (Garran and Gibbs, 1982), Canada (Paliwal, 1982), New Zealand (Forster et al, 1985), western North America (Rahman and Peaden, 1993), Lithuania (Staniulis, 1994), Jordan (Sawalha and Mansour, 1996b), Spain (Mallor et al, 2002), Oman (Mughal et al, 2003), USA (Shah et al, 2006), Iran (Massumi et al, 2012), Italy (Parrella et al, 2012), andSaudi Arabia (Al-Saleh andAmer, 2013).…”

“…Alfalfa health can be affected by about thirty-one viruses (Erwin et al, 1990), including AMV (Alfalfa mosaic), provisionally Alfalfa virus S (AVS), Alfalfa enation (AEV), Bean yellow mosaic (BYMV), Cucumber mosaic (CMV), Bean leaf roll (BLRV), Tobacco streak (TSV), Bean common mosaic (BCMV), Clover vein yellow (CVYV), Pea enation mosaic (PEMV), Clover yellow vein (CLYVV), and Peanut stunt (PSV) (Paliwal, 1982;Cook and Wilton, 1984;Rahman et al, 1993;Alan et al, 1996;Shah et al, 2006;Massumi et al, 2012;Al-Saleh and Amer, 2013;Trucco et al, 2016;Al-Shahwan et al, 2017;Nemchinov et al, 2017).…”

Bacillus licheniformis strain POT1 mediated polyphenol biosynthetic pathways genes activation and systemic resistance in potato plants against Alfalfa mosaic virus

“…It is a worldwide-distributing virus, infecting 698 species of 167 genera in 71 families, including Solanaceae and Leguminosae 2 – 4 . It is transmitted by sap inoculation and by numerous aphid species in a non-persistent manner 3 . Most potato cultivars are susceptible to AMV infection and induce diverse symptoms, including yellow blotching and bright mottling of potato leaves resulted in calico symptoms 2 , 5 .…”