Detection of new viruses in alfalfa, weeds and cultivated plants growing adjacent to alfalfa fields in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

A total of 1368 symptomatic plant samples showing different virus-like symptoms such as mottling, chlorosis, mosaic, yellow mosaic, vein clearing and stunting were collected from alfalfa, weed and cultivated plant species growing in vicinity of alfalfa fields in five principal regions of alfalfa production in Saudi Arabia. DAS-ELISA test indicated occurrence of 11 different viruses in these samples, 10 of which were detected for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Eighty percent of the alfalfa samples and 97.5% of the weed and cultivated plants samples were found to be infected with one or more of these viruses. Nine weed plant species were found to harbor these viruses namely, spp., spp., ,, ,, , and. These viruses were also detected in seven cultivated crop plants growing adjacent to the alfalfa fields including ,, ,, ,, and . The newly reported viruses together with their respective percent of detection in alfalfa, and in both weeds and cultivated crop plant species together were as follows: Bean leaf roll virus (BLRV) {12.5 and 4.5%}, Lucerne transient streak virus (LTSV) {2.9 and 3.5%}, Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) {1.4 and 4.5%}, Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) {1.2 and 4.5%}, Red clover vein mosaic virus (RCVMV) {1.2 and 4%}, White clover mosaic virus (WCIMV) {1.0 and 5%}, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) {0.8 and 3%}, Pea streak virus (PeSV) {0.4 and 4.5%} and Tobacco streak virus (TSV) {0.3 and 2.5%}. Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), the previously reported virus in alfalfa, had the highest percentage of detection in alfalfa accounting for 58.4% and 62.8% in the weeds and cultivated plants. Peanut stunt virus (PSV) was also detected for the first time in Saudi Arabia with a 66.7% of infection in 90 alfalfa samples collected from the surveyed regions during the last visit that tested negative to all the previously detected viruses.

Genetic diversity of begomoviruses infecting tomato plant in Saudi Arabia

“…Approximately forty different plant virus diseases have been described on more than thirty plant species in Arabian Peninsula (Al-Shahwan, 2003, Idris et al, 2012, Hosseinzadeh et al, 2014, Sohrab and Daur, 2018a, Sohrab and Daur, 2018b). The association of begomovirus with various crops such as, Amaranthus, Beans, Chili, Corchorus, Cucurbits, Mint, Okra, Pumpkin, Tobacco and Tomato have been reported so far from Arabian peninsula and the associated begomoviruses are known as TYLCV, ToLCOMV, ToLCSDV, ToLCSDV-Om, ChiLCV, OLCOMV, SqLCV, and BDMV-SA (Al-Shahwan et al, 1997, Al-Shahwan et al, 2002, Ghanem et al, 2003, Idris and Brown, 2005, Ajlan et al, 2007, Khan et al, 2008, Khan et al, 2014, Fazeli et al, 2009, Idris et al, 2011, Idris et al, 2012, Idris et al, 2014, Mohamed et al, 2012, Khan et al, 2013a, Khan et al, 2013b, Al-Saleh et al, 2014a, Al-Saleh et al, 2014b, Akhtar et al, 2014, Hosseinzadeh et al, 2014, Sohrab, 2016, Sohrab et al, 2016a, Sohrab et al, 2016b, Sohrab et al, 2016c, Sohrab et al, 2016d, Sohrab et al, 2016e, Sohrab, 2017, Sayed and Sohrab, 2017, Al-Shahwan et al, 2017, Sohrab and Daur, 2018a, Sohrab and Daur, 2018b). In this study, the association of begomovirus infection to tomato disease has been provided based on virus identification, sequencing and genetic diversity.…”

Molecular Characterization of the Coat Protein Genome of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AMV) Isolates from Alfalfa in Van Province

“…Alfalfa health can be affected by about thirty-one viruses (Erwin et al, 1990), including AMV (Alfalfa mosaic), provisionally Alfalfa virus S (AVS), Alfalfa enation (AEV), Bean yellow mosaic (BYMV), Cucumber mosaic (CMV), Bean leaf roll (BLRV), Tobacco streak (TSV), Bean common mosaic (BCMV), Clover vein yellow (CVYV), Pea enation mosaic (PEMV), Clover yellow vein (CLYVV), and Peanut stunt (PSV) (Paliwal, 1982;Cook and Wilton, 1984;Rahman et al, 1993;Alan et al, 1996;Shah et al, 2006;Massumi et al, 2012;Al-Saleh and Amer, 2013;Trucco et al, 2016;Al-Shahwan et al, 2017;Nemchinov et al, 2017).…”

Weed species composition and distribution pattern in the maize crop under the influence of edaphic factors and farming practices: A case study from Mardan, Pakistan

“…In Pakistan during 2012–13 maize yields 36.581 m ton production in a total of 0.981 m ha cultivated area and in the same year in KPK maize yields 1.468 m ton product in 0.512 m ha cultivation area. A number of weed species that are the tough competitors, compete for existing resources with the maize crop (Al-Shahwan et al, 2016, Gomaa, 2012, Malik et al, 2006). This competition is most grim and significantly decreases maize product at early crop growing period (Mitchell and Tu, 2005).…”