Biological and Chemical Comparison of Natural and Cultivated Samples of Satureja macrantha C.A.Mey.

Abstract

In this study, investigation on the essential oils and ethanol extracts of naturally grown and cultivated Satureja macrantha samples were reported. The essential oil, flavour and terpenoid-steroid-flavonoid contents of S. macrantha samples were determined by GC-MS and their phenolic contents by LC-MS/MS. Besides, the biological activities of the samples were investigated for their antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antityrosinase, antiurease, antielastase and anticollagenase properties. The phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the cultivated sample were higher than those of the naturally grown sample. According to the GC-MS results, terpinene-4-ol (30.9%) and p-cymene (56.7%) were determined as the major components in the essential oils of the naturally grown and cultivated S. macrantha, respectively. The flavour analysis results showed that cis-sabinene hydrate (20.7%) and carvacrol (42.2%) were found to be the major components in the naturally grown and cultivated samples, respectively. While the naturally grown sample was rich in abietane diterpenoids (ferruginol (17.5 mg analyte/g extract) and sugiol (4.2 mg analyte/g extract)), these components were not detected in the cultivated sample. The rosmarinic acid content (0.20 and 24.87 mg analyte/g extract, respectively) of the cultivated sample was found to be significantly higher than that of the natural sample. The biological activities of the samples were determined to be changed in parallel with their chemical contents that are due to factors such as climatic conditions, and soil structure.

Chemical characteristics and biological activity screening of Pistacia lentiscus mastic gum and leaves from Türkiye

“…The solution was filtered through a 0.45 μm Millipore Millex‐HV filter and the concentration of the final solution (3 ppm) was transferred into a capped auto sampler vial, from which 2 μL of the sample was injected to LC for each run. The samples in the auto sampler were kept at 15 °C during the experiment 21‐24 …”

“…Dihydrocapsaicin (purity 95%) was used as an internal standard for LC‐HRMS measurements in order to reduce to repeatability problem caused by external effects such as ionization. The detailed mass parameter for each target compound is given in Supporting Information, Table 2S 21,22,25,26 …”

“…The detailed mass parameter for each target compound is given in Supporting Information, Table 2S. 21,22,25,26 Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection analysis Methyl esters of fatty acids were analyzed with an Agilent GC-FID (Santa Clara, CA, USA) combined system using a Supelco SP TM-2560 column (100 m × 0.25 mm × 0.20 μm). Each extract (5 mg) was mixed with 2 mL 2 M potassium hydroxide in methanol and vortexed; 2 mL of isooctane was added to the mixture and then it was vortexed again.…”

“…The samples in the auto sampler were kept at 15 °C during the experiment. [21][22][23][24] The LC-HRMS experiments were conducted on a Thermo Orbitrap Q-Exactive (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) mass spectrometer equipped with a Troyasil C18 column (150 × 3 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size). Two different mobile phase systems were used as phases A and B consisting of 1% formic acid-water and 1% formic acid-methanol, respectively.…”

Impacts of Colored Light-Emitting Diode Illumination on the Reproductive Performance and Bioactive Constituents and the Molecular Mechanism of Hypothalamus Gland in Zi-geese

“…Its research idea is to follow the example of genomics and proteomics, using high-throughput and high-sensitivity modern analysis technology to quantitatively analyze all metabolites in the organism as well as to find the corresponding relationship between metabolites and physiological and pathological changes ( 2 , 3 ). Metabolomics is the study of all metabolites in a sample at a certain time by LC-MS/GC-MS. Metabonomics magnifies the slight variations of gene and protein expression reflecting the physiological and pathological state of the body system ( 4 ). Through metabonomics analysis, the different metabolites between the experimental group and the control group could be further clarified, which provides a linkage for revealing the material and energy metabolism activities between the experimental and the control groups ( 5 , 6 ).…”