Biological and biosynthetic properties of poly-l-malate

Holler, Eggehard; Angerer, Bernhard; Achhammer, Gunthar; Miller, S.; Windisch, C

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05828.x

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Similar results were also reported by Holler et al [9] in batch culture of P. polycephalum, showing that the plasmodia had a maximum intracellular level of PMLA when they grew at maximum rate, and synthesis of PMLA was typical for growing plasmodia [3,7]. The dissociation between PMLA production and cell growth of P. polycephalum, as reported by Lee and Holler [11], only appeared under extreme conditions such as addition of metabolic intermediates or omission of hematin or a nitrogen source.…”

Section: Evects Of Fed-batch Fermentation On Pmla Productionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Intensification of β-poly(l-malic acid) production by Aureobasidium pullulans ipe-1 in the late exponential growth phase

Cao

Luo

Zhao

et al. 2012

Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

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β-Poly(malic acid) (PMLA) has attracted industrial interest because this polyester can be used as a prodrug or for drug delivery systems. In PMLA production by Aureobasidium pullulans ipe-1, it was found that PLMA production was associated with cell growth in the early exponential growth phase and dissociated from cell growth in the late exponential growth phase. To enhance PMLA production in the late phase, different fermentation modes and strategies for controlling culture redox potential (CRP) were studied. The results showed that high concentrations of produced PMLA (above 40 g/l) not only inhibited PMLA production, but also was detrimental to cell growth. Moreover, when CRP increased from 57 to 100 mV in the late exponential growth phase, the lack of reducing power in the broth also decreased PMLA productivity. PMLA productivity could be enhanced by repeated-batch culture to maintain cell growth in the exponential growth phase, or by cell-recycle culture with membrane to remove the produced PMLA, or by maintaining CRP below 70 mV no matter which kind of fermentation mode was adopted. Repeated-batch culture afforded a high PMLA concentration (up to 63.2 g/l) with a productivity of 1.15 g l(-1) h(-1). Cell-recycle culture also confirmed that PMLA production by the strain ipe-1 was associated with cell growth.

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Section: Evects Of Fed-batch Fermentation On Pmla Productionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Intensification of β-poly(l-malic acid) production by Aureobasidium pullulans ipe-1 in the late exponential growth phase

Cao

Luo

Zhao

et al. 2012

Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

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“…[42] This anionic homopolyester is synthesized by Physarum polycephalum [43,44] and a few lower eukaryotic microorganism such as Penicillium cyclopium [45] and Aureobasidium pullulans. [46,47] So far, no bacteria have been identified which synthesize polymalic acid.…”

Section: Bacterial Polyoxyestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives for Biotechnological Production and Utilization of Biopolymers: Metabolic Engineering of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biosynthesis Pathways as a Successful Example

Steinbüchel¹

2001

Macromol. Biosci.

321

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This article provides an overview of biopolymers, classed according to their chemical structures, function and occurrence, the principles of biosynthesis and metabolism in organisms. It will then focus on polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) for which technical applications in several areas are currently considered. PHAs represent a complex class of bacterial polyesters consisting of various hydroxyalkanoic acids that are synthesized by bacteria as storage compounds for energy and carbon if a carbon source is present in excess. Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate), poly(3HB), is just one example. Most other PHAs are only synthesized if pathways exist which mediate between central intermediates of the metabolism or special precursor substrates on one side and coenzyme A thioesters of hydroxyalkanoic acids, which are the substrates of the PHA synthase catalyzing the polymerization, on the other side. During the last decade, basic and applied research have revealed much knowledge about the biochemical and molecular basis of the enzymatic processes for the synthesis of PHAs in microorganisms. The combination of detailed physiological studies, utilization of the overwhelming information provided by the numerous genome sequencing projects, application of recombinant DNA technology, engineering of metabolic pathways or enzymes and molecular breeding techniques applied to plants have provided new perspectives to produce these technically interesting biopolymers by novel or significantly improved biotechnological processes or by agriculture. Some examples for successful in vivo and in vitro engineering of pathways suitable for the synthesis and biotechnological production of PHAs consisting of medium‐chain‐length 3‐hydroxyalkanoic acids and short‐chain‐length hydroxyalkanoic acids will be provided.

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“…are able to synthesize poly(1.-malic acid) (see HOLLER et al, 1992, for a recent review; NAGATA et al, 1993). Biosynthetic polyesters consisting of 2-hydroxyalkanoic acids such as, e.g., lactic acid, or of 6-hydroxyalkanoic acids, such as 6-hydroxyhexanoic acidthe building block of poly(e-caprolactone) -have also not yet been detected.…”

Section: Composition Of Pha From Axenic Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

PHB and Other Polhydroxyalkanoic Acids

Steinbüchel¹

1996

Biotechnology

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Biological and biosynthetic properties of poly-l-malate

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Intensification of β-poly(l-malic acid) production by Aureobasidium pullulans ipe-1 in the late exponential growth phase

Intensification of β-poly(l-malic acid) production by Aureobasidium pullulans ipe-1 in the late exponential growth phase

Perspectives for Biotechnological Production and Utilization of Biopolymers: Metabolic Engineering of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biosynthesis Pathways as a Successful Example

PHB and Other Polhydroxyalkanoic Acids

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