Biological Activity of Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Their Derivatives

Kwaśniewska, Dobrawa; Chen, Ying-Lien; Wieczorek, Daria

doi:10.3390/pathogens9060459

Cited by 122 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…They are bactericidal across a range of microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria, parasites and lipophilic viruses [ 10 ]. Due to their aliphatic nature, QACs act as cationic surfactants; therefore, they destabilize the cell membranes and enzymes of target microorganisms, resulting in cell lysis [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Examples include benzalkonium chloride and cetylpyridinum chloride, both of which can target Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus , respectively [ 14 ].…”

Section: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Qacs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples include benzalkonium chloride and cetylpyridinum chloride, both of which can target Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus , respectively [ 14 ]. The general structure represented as N + R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 X− comprises a halide anion, commonly Cl − or Br − , attached to a nitrogen cation [ 12 ].…”

Section: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Qacs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variations within the R group, such as the addition of akyl or aromatic groups, alter the QAC function ( Figure 2 a). For example, QACs with methyl groups from C 12 to C 16 elicit the highest biocidal activity, as do changes in the R groups [ 12 ]. Research is ongoing to understand the exact biocidal mechanism of QACs.…”

Section: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Qacs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biocide Use in the Antimicrobial Era: A Review

Jones

Joshi

2021

Molecules

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Biocides are widely used in healthcare and industry to control infections and microbial contamination. Ineffectual disinfection of surfaces and inappropriate use of biocides can result in the survival of microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses on inanimate surfaces, often contributing to the transmission of infectious agents. Biocidal disinfectants employ varying modes of action to kill microorganisms, ranging from oxidization to solubilizing lipids. This review considers the main biocides used within healthcare and industry environments and highlights their modes of action, efficacy and relevance to disinfection of pathogenic bacteria. This information is vital for rational use and development of biocides in an era where microorganisms are becoming resistant to chemical antimicrobial agents.

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Section: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Qacs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Qacs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Qacs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biocide Use in the Antimicrobial Era: A Review

Jones

Joshi

2021

Molecules

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“…This may lead to selection for resistant bacteria in the oral cavity hence counteracting antifouling properties of the surfaces. If resistance genes are encoded on mobile elements, they may also spread to other species in the oral cavity [ 227 ]. Nevertheless, promising potential definitely warrants further research in this direction.…”

Section: Approaches For Biofilm Management In Dental Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioadhesion in the oral cavity and approaches for biofilm management by surface modifications

et al. 2020

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Background All soft and solid surface structures in the oral cavity are covered by the acquired pellicle followed by bacterial colonization. This applies for natural structures as well as for restorative or prosthetic materials; the adherent bacterial biofilm is associated among others with the development of caries, periodontal diseases, peri-implantitis, or denture-associated stomatitis. Accordingly, there is a considerable demand for novel materials and coatings that limit and modulate bacterial attachment and/or propagation of microorganisms. Objectives and findings The present paper depicts the current knowledge on the impact of different physicochemical surface characteristics on bioadsorption in the oral cavity. Furthermore, it was carved out which strategies were developed in dental research and general surface science to inhibit bacterial colonization and to delay biofilm formation by low-fouling or “easy-to-clean” surfaces. These include the modulation of physicochemical properties such as periodic topographies, roughness, surface free energy, or hardness. In recent years, a large emphasis was laid on micro- and nanostructured surfaces and on liquid repellent superhydrophic as well as superhydrophilic interfaces. Materials incorporating mobile or bound nanoparticles promoting bacteriostatic or bacteriotoxic properties were also used. Recently, chemically textured interfaces gained increasing interest and could represent promising solutions for innovative antibioadhesion interfaces. Due to the unique conditions in the oral cavity, mainly in vivo or in situ studies were considered in the review. Conclusion Despite many promising approaches for modulation of biofilm formation in the oral cavity, the ubiquitous phenomenon of bioadsorption and adhesion pellicle formation in the challenging oral milieu masks surface properties and therewith hampers low-fouling strategies. Clinical relevance Improved dental materials and surface coatings with easy-to-clean properties have the potential to improve oral health, but extensive and systematic research is required in this field to develop biocompatible and effective substances.

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“…Inorganic fillers do not have chemical linkage to the dental resin, and can easily release over time, which may lead to health risks. QAMs can form chemical bonds with resin composites to improve their bond to dental resin [ 78 , 79 ]. Pupo et al [ 80 ] synthesized a quaternary ammonium methacrylate polymer (QAMP) with antimicrobial potential, and added it into a dental adhesive system.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Antimicrobial Polymers in the Development of Dental Resin Composite

et al. 2020

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Dental resin composites have been widely used in a variety of direct and indirect dental restorations due to their aesthetic properties compared to amalgams and similar metals. Despite the fact that dental resin composites can contribute similar mechanical properties, they are more likely to have microbial accumulations leading to secondary caries. Therefore, the effective and long-lasting antimicrobial properties of dental resin composites are of great significance to their clinical applications. The approaches of ascribing antimicrobial properties to the resin composites may be divided into two types: The filler-type and the resin-type. In this review, the resin-type approaches were highlighted. Focusing on the antimicrobial polymers used in dental resin composites, their chemical structures, mechanical properties, antimicrobial effectiveness, releasing profile, and biocompatibility were included, and challenges, as well as future perspectives, were also discussed.

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Biological Activity of Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Their Derivatives

Cited by 122 publications

References 72 publications

Biocide Use in the Antimicrobial Era: A Review

Biocide Use in the Antimicrobial Era: A Review

Bioadhesion in the oral cavity and approaches for biofilm management by surface modifications

Application of Antimicrobial Polymers in the Development of Dental Resin Composite

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