Biological Activity and Food Analysis ofCyttaria spp. (Discomycetes)

Schmeda‐Hirschmann, Guillermo; Razmilic, Iván; Reyes, Sergio; Gutiérrez, Margarita; Loyola, J. I.

doi:10.1007/bf02860789

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The free radical scavenging effect of the crude extracts was assessed by the decoloration of a methanolic solution of the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl radical (DPPH) 9, 10. The degree of decoloration indicates the free radical scavenging efficiency of the substances.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximate composition and free radical scavenging activity of edible fruits from the Argentinian Yungas

et al. 2005

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Schmeda-Hirschmann, G.(reprint author). Universidad de Talca, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.Theoduloz, C. Universidad de Talca, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.The proximate composition and free radical scavenging effect of native food plants gathered in the Argentinian Yungas have been assessed. Some 25 samples were collected for proximate analysis and free radical scavenging effect of their MeOH-soluble extracts. Total acidity, phenolics and solid content of 16 preserves prepared from native fruits have been determined. The samples belong to 13 different species corresponding to eight plant families, mainly Myrtaceae, Solanaceae and Ulmaceae. The highest organic acid contents (as citric acid) were found in the preserves of Psidium guineense and Cyphomandra betaceae with the lowest in Sideroxylon obtusifolium and Myrciantes pungens. Total phenolics in the preserves ranged from 0.34 g kg(-1) DM in Rhipsalis flocosa to 7.30 g kg(-1) DM in Celtis iguanae. The MeOH-solubles of the fruits/petioles as well as the preserves were assessed for inhibition of the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO), decoloration of the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and scavenging of the superoxide anion. The highest effect of the solubles towards the DPPH assay was observed for M pungens and Rubus imperialis before processing. None of the samples was effective as a XO inhibitor or superoxide anion scavenger. The best protein sources in our study were the fruits of Carica quercifolia, Celtis iguanae and Sambucus nigra. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximate composition and free radical scavenging activity of edible fruits from the Argentinian Yungas

et al. 2005

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“…2005). Cyttaria fruiting bodies have been traditionally gathered by the Mapuche aboriginals and have proven to be highly edible (Schmeda-Hirschmann et al 1998). Although mycophaghy in psittacids is relatively common (Forshaw 1989;Simpson 2000), most studies report feeding on saprophytic or symbiotic fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Nothofagusﬂower consumption and pollen emptying in the southern South American austral parakeet (Enicognathus ferrugineus)

Díaz

Kitzberger

2006

Austral Ecology

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We describe extraordinary aspects of the feeding ecology of the austral parakeet, Enicognathus ferrugineus -the most southerly distributed psittacid in the world -that allow this endemic species to inhabit and become a common bird in relatively species-poor temperate and subantarctic Nothofagus forests of South America. We used two sources of information to analyse temporal and spatial dietary changes of austral parakeets in subalpine forests near Lake Distric of southern Argentina: (i) relative abundance of parakeet foraging on the forest floor along an altitudinal transect from 1000 to 1420 m; and (ii) faeces analyses of seasonal collections. Austral parakeets largely relied on a protein-rich pollen-based spring-early summer diet by destructively harvesting large quantities of wind-pollinated Nothofagus pumilio flowers and efficiently emptying pollen grains -specializations previously described only in pollinating nectarivorous vertebrates. Pollen emptying rates (c. 65%) were the highest reported for psittacids and among the highest for vertebrates in general. Parakeets made extended use of shortlived N. pumilio flowers by tracking the altitudinal shifts in flowering phenology. Additionally, parakeets complemented their diet with carbohydrates from N. pumilio insect exudates. By late summer, parakeets switched to a lipid-rich diet based on N. pumilio seeds. This resource remained available through mid-autumn because parakeets also followed in altitude the phenological delays in fruiting. In winter, parakeets fed on N. pumilio parasitic Misodendrum mistletoe buds and leaves and Cyttaria sp. parasitic canopy fungi. These results suggest that stringent food availability in these relatively high latitudes may have led to behavioural and physiological specializations of austral parakeets to obtain year-round food resources efficiently from Nothofagus trees.

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“…Some indigenous groups in southern South America, particularly the Mapuche, had a tradition of making a fermented beverage called chichi from Cyttaria (Schmeda‐Hirschmann et al . ; Gomes et al . ).…”

Section: Natural History Notementioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Kalotas ; Schmeda‐Hirschmann et al . ; Pouliot ). We have eaten Cyttaria septentrionalis both raw and cooked and would describe it as having a pleasantly mild, fruity flavour and rubbery texture when raw; when cooked, it becomes more flavourful.…”

Section: Natural History Notementioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebrate consumption and dispersal of the Nothofagaceae associated ascomycete Cyttaria

Elliott

2019

Austral Ecology

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Fungi are an important food source for a diversity of vertebrates and invertebrates around the world and in turn, these animals play a key part in the dispersal of many fungi. These associations have been most thoroughly studied between mammals and truffles. In this natural history note, we provide the first report of mycophagy by the Australian King-Parrot (Alisterus scapularis) and the first documentation of wildlife consumption of the genus Cyttaria in Australia. We also review the literature regarding use of this southern hemisphere endemic genus Cyttaria for food by vertebrates and how these associations may impact its dispersal.

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Biological Activity and Food Analysis ofCyttaria spp. (Discomycetes)

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Proximate composition and free radical scavenging activity of edible fruits from the Argentinian Yungas

Proximate composition and free radical scavenging activity of edible fruits from the Argentinian Yungas

High Nothofagusﬂower consumption and pollen emptying in the southern South American austral parakeet (Enicognathus ferrugineus)

Vertebrate consumption and dispersal of the Nothofagaceae associated ascomycete Cyttaria

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