Biological activities, isolated compounds and HPLC profile of Verbascum nubicum

Abstract

Context: Genus Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) comprises about 360 species of flowering plants. Verbascum has been used in traditional medicine as an astringent, antitussive, analgesic and anti-inflammatory. Objective: Nothing was found in the available literature concerning Verbascum nubicum Murb; therefore, the study evaluates the biological activities, isolated compounds and HPLC profile. Materials and methods: Methanol extract (VME) and butanol fraction (VBF) of air-dried powdered V. nubicum were obtained. Four compounds were isolated from VBE and identified by 1 H- and 13 C-NMR. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profile was determined for (VME). LD 50 , in vitro antioxidant, in vivo antiulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory activities as well as hepatoprotective activity were assessed. Anti-ulcerogenic and hepatoprotective activities were supported by histopathological examinations. Results: HPLC analysis of VME revealed the presence of luteolin 7-glucoside (2215.43 mg/100 g), hesperidin (954.51 mg/100 g) and apigenin (233.15 mg/100 g) as major compounds. Four compounds were isolated and confirmed by NMR data, were identified as gentiopicroside, luteolin, aucubin and gallic acid. The LD 50 of VME and VBF extracts were calculated to be 8200 and 4225 mg/kg b.w., respectively. IC 50 values of VBE and VMF as measured by DPPH·method were 43.6 and 50 µg/mL, respectively. Also, anti-inflammatory effect of VME (400 mg/kg b.w.) and VBF (200 mg/kg b.w.) induced edema model after 120 min were 61.93 and 56.13%, respectively. Antiulcerogenic activity of VME (400 mg/kg b.w.) and VBF (200 mg/kg b.w.) in albino rats were 65.14 and 84.57%, respectively. Conclusions: The V. nubicum extracts displayed safe and promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties. It can be also applied in the pharmacy industry, food industry and healthcare.

Green Synthesis of RES-CMCS: A Promising Modulator of the GLUT-4/Leptin Signaling Pathway in HFD-induced Insulin Resistance

“…Although there is no direct evidence that RES-CMCS affects insulin release in obese diabetic rats, activation of β -cell electrical activity by RES-CMCS could potentially stimulate insulin release. This result is consistent with previous findings 47 .…”

“…Our results were in agreement with those of El Gizawy et al 47 , who found that dietary resveratrol supplementation lowered the levels of low plasma density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol in liver rats. Lower levels of plasma cholesterol as well as triacylglycerol-fed rats may be connected to changes in the activity of two essential en-zymes in cholesterol metabolism, HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol 7-hydroxylase.…”

“…The antiobesity effects of RES-CMCS were discovered to significantly reduce the observed increases in plasma lipid content (Table 6). Additionally, fat build-up was reduced, indicating that the treatment suppressed TG, TC, and HDL-C. Apo-B-carrying lipoprotein fractions are assumed to be responsible for cholesterol deposition in atherosclerotic plaques 47 . Therefore, this change could be attributable to a decrease in cholesterol as well as triacylglycerols, which would be beneficial clinically.…”

Investigation of Anticholinesterase and Anticancer Effects of Verbascum insulare Boiss. Et Heldr. Extracts Growing in Mus Region

“…In addition, some species of the plant are reported to have expectorant, mucolytic and sedative properties used in the treatment of respiratory ailments such as bronchitis, tuberculosis, and asthma [3]. Verbascum nubicum Murb species showed significant hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects [4]. Verbascum bombyciferum Boiss inhibited several enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase [5].…”

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“…HMGB1 represents a major challenge to improve the treatment of acute/chronic inflammation as well as infection and ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. Many studies prove that the developing of HMGB1 inhibitors like natural products [11][12][13] .…”