Biological activities and safety data of kojic acid and its derivatives: A review

Zilles, Júlia Capp; Santos, Francielli Lima dos; Külkamp‐Guerreiro, Irene Clemes; Contri, Renata Vidor

doi:10.1111/exd.14662

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Therefore, we evaluated the influence of imperatorin on melanogenesis-related enzymes to understand the melanogenesis stimulation mechanisms of imperatorin in detail. Melanogenesis is directly regulated by the major enzymes TRY, TYRP-1, and TYRP-2 [ 44 , 45 ]. In this study, imperatorin significantly increased the expression of TRY, TYRP-1, and TYRP-2, which is consistent with the results observed for melanin synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imperatorin Positively Regulates Melanogenesis through Signaling Pathways Involving PKA/CREB, ERK, AKT, and GSK3β/β-Catenin

Kim

Hyun

2022

Molecules

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The present study investigated the melanogenic effects of imperatorin and isoimperatorin and the underlying mechanisms of imperatorin using a mouse melanoma B16F10 model. Interestingly, treatment with 25 μM of either imperatorin or isoimperatorin, despite their structural differences, did not produce differences in melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity. Imperatorin also activated the expression of melanogenic enzymes, such as tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related proteins TYRP-1 and TYRP-2. Mechanistically, imperatorin increases melanin synthesis through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA)/cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB)-dependent upregulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which is a key transcription factor in melanogenesis. Furthermore, imperatorin exerted melanogenic effects by downregulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and upregulating phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthesis kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Moreover, imperatorin increased the content of β-catenin in the cell cytoplasm and nucleus by reducing the content of phosphorylated β-catenin (p-β-catenin). Finally, we tested the potential of imperatorin in topical application through primary human skin irritation tests. These tests were performed on the normal skin (upper back) of 31 volunteers to determine whether 25 or 50 µM of imperatorin had irritation or sensitization potential. During these tests, imperatorin did not induce any adverse reactions. Taken together, these findings suggest that the regulation of melanogenesis by imperatorin can be mediated by signaling pathways involving PKA/CREB, ERK, AKT, and GSK3β/β-catenin and that imperatorin could prevent the pathogenesis of pigmentation diseases when used as a topical agent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imperatorin Positively Regulates Melanogenesis through Signaling Pathways Involving PKA/CREB, ERK, AKT, and GSK3β/β-Catenin

Kim

Hyun

2022

Molecules

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“…[ 96–98 ] Organic and medicinal chemistry researchers have expressed a significant deal of interest in the synthesis of kojic acid derivatives as a readily available and biologically active precursor. [ 99,100 ] Reddy et al, [ 101 ] reported InCl 3 ‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of kojic acid 27 , aromatic aldehydes 4 , and a curcumin 1 to the corresponding curcumin‐based dihydropyrano[3,2‐ b ]chromenedione derivatives 28 under solvent‐free conditions in good yield (65%–95%) (Scheme 9).…”

Section: Curcuminoids In Mcrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curcumin‐based bioactive heterocycles derived via multicomponent reactions

Nagargoje

Shaikh

Shingate

2023

Archiv der Pharmazie

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Curcumin is an important phytochemical, found in the Asian countries, especially in the Indian subcontinent. The use of this "privileged natural product" in the diversityoriented synthesis of curcumin-based heterocycles via multicomponent reactions (MCRs) is the subject of interest for many medicinal chemists across the globe. This review particularly focuses on the reactions involving curcuminoids as one of the reactants in the MCRs of curcuminoid to synthesize curcumin-based heterocycles.Also, the various pharmacological activities of curcumin-based heterocycles generated via the MCR approach are discussed. The research work published in the last 10 years is in the focus of this review article.

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“…(5-hydroxy-2hydroxymethyl-4H-pyran-4-one) is an organic acid produced by various species of fungi and bacteria; it has different biological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiinflammatory. It is a powerful iron chelator, which is an important element for bacterial growth [11]. Kojic acid is more active against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive ones, it was proved by an experiment to inhibit biofilm formation on glass slides, as it interferes with quorum sensing dependent upon the Lux system; a highly-conserved LuxR-type proteins that release many autoinducers which are compounds that accumulates in the surrounding environment during growth of bacteria to regulate cell densities under conditions of low cell or high cell density.…”

Section: Kojic Acid (Ka)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-biofilm Effect of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles, EDTA, and Kojic Acid on MDR-biofilm Forming Gram Negative Superbugs in Sohag University Hospitals, Egypt

Thabet

Esmail

Esmat

2022

Microbes and Infectious Diseases

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Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram negative superbugs are considered among the most important causes of healthcare associated infections and these resistant isolates are usually present in association with biofilms rather than planktonic existence. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the ability of EDTA, Kojic acid, and CuONPs to inhibit the phenomenon of biofilm formation by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative superbugs. Methodology: Gram negative bacilli were isolated on suitable media and identified biochemically by vitek-2 biochemical identification system. MDR isolates were tested for biofilm formation by tissue culture plate method, biofilm-producing isolates were exposed EDTA and Kojic acid by certain concentration and to copper oxide nanoparticle (CuONPs) by multiple gradual concentrations and re-tested for biofilm-production by the same method. Results: EDTA and Kojic acid reduced the biofilm-formation ability of the tested isolates by 85.4 % and 65.5% respectively with reduced mean optical density (OD) reading to (0.0267± 0.051) and (0.063± 0.108) respectively with a high statistically significant difference (p<0.0001). A concentrationdependent biofilm-inhibition effect was observed with different concentrations of CuO NPs (125-2000 µg/ml) for all the tested isolates regardless the genus and the species. Conclusion: there was a remarkable biofilm-inhibition effect for the three tested non-antibiotic substances; the use of these substances can provide a solution for the problem of difficulty in treatment of nosocomial infections due to MDR biofilm-forming Gram-negative superbugs.

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Biological activities and safety data of kojic acid and its derivatives: A review

Cited by 36 publications

References 71 publications

Imperatorin Positively Regulates Melanogenesis through Signaling Pathways Involving PKA/CREB, ERK, AKT, and GSK3β/β-Catenin

Imperatorin Positively Regulates Melanogenesis through Signaling Pathways Involving PKA/CREB, ERK, AKT, and GSK3β/β-Catenin

Curcumin‐based bioactive heterocycles derived via multicomponent reactions

Anti-biofilm Effect of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles, EDTA, and Kojic Acid on MDR-biofilm Forming Gram Negative Superbugs in Sohag University Hospitals, Egypt

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