Bioinspired Interface Design of Sewable, Weavable, and Washable Fiber Zinc Batteries for Wearable Power Textiles

Abstract

Wearable electronics have great demands for flexibility, high-performance, and customized batteries that require the significant advancement of renewable and weavable power fiber design. Here, weavable, sewable, and washable aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs)-based power fibers are developed by the synergistic interfacial design of the quinone-rich polydopamine as organic redox-active cathodes and nano-binders on the carbon substrate simultaneously. By the removal of soluble monomers or oligomers and the boosted ratios of the quinone groups, the polydopamine polymers as organic redoxactive cathodes in AZBs deliver large specific capacity (372.3 mA h g −1 at 50 mA g −1), excellent toughness, and long-term cyclic durability (80% retention over 1700 cycles at 1000 mA g −1). Moreover, the power textiles with custom-tailored patterns can be prepared by the direct use of the fiber electrodes as the threads for a sewing and loom machine. The sewn or woven power textiles display stable electrochemical performances that can power various electronic devices under different bending conditions, even after washing for 3 h. This work provides great potential for large-scale production of AZBs with high-performance for next-generation wearable energy-storage devices.

An Ultrahigh Performance Zinc‐Organic Battery using Poly(catechol) Cathode in Zn(TFSI)2‐Based Concentrated Aqueous Electrolytes

“…ii) Small organic molecules (semi-filled symbols): 1) p-chloranil,[66] 2) calix[4]quinone,[62] 3) pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone,[60] 4) 1,4 bis(diphenylamino)benzene,[67] 5) triangular phenanthrenequinone-based macrocycle,[68] 6) dibenzo[b,i] thianthrene-5,7,12,14-tetraone,[69] 7) 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride,[70] 8) tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane,[71] and 9) phenazine [72]. iii) RAPs (filled symbols): 10) poly(benzoquinonyl sulfide),[73] 11) poly(dopamine),[58] 12) poly(catechol),[61] 13) Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene),[74] 14) poly(tetrathiafulvalene),[75] 15) poly(aniline-S),[76] 16) poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-4-yl vinyl ether),[77] 17) polyarylimide covalent organic framework,[78] 18) poly(dopamine),[79] and 19) hydroquinone covalent organic framework [80]. iv) inorganic compounds: 26) monoclinic VO 2 (D),[81] 27) VO 2 ,[82] 31) Na 2 V 6 O 16 ⋅3H 2 O,[83] 32) NH 4 V 4 O 10 [84].…”

Macromolecular Engineering of Poly(catechol) Cathodes towards High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Polymer Batteries

“…Both the homopolymer and copolymers featured well-defined oxidation/reduction peaks at 1.3 and 1.27 V/1.14 and 1.20 V (vs. Zn/Zn 2+ ), respectively. As previously demonstrated, these redox processes are associated to the conversion of catecholates to ortho -quinones during the oxidation step and reverse reaction happens during the cathodic sweep reducing ortho -quinones to catecholates with concomitant Zn 2+ coordination (See Figure 1 a for the simplified redox reaction scheme) [ 39 , 40 , 46 , 48 , 51 ]. Taking advantage of poly(catechol)’s high redox potential, Zn||polymer battery with an anticipated voltage output of ~1.2 V can be potentially constructed by combining Zn anode and poly(catechol) cathode in the aqueous electrolyte ( Figure 1 b).…”

“…The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10 .3390/polym13111673/s1, Table S1 [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] are cited in the supplementary materials.…”

“…Although numerous RAPs have been successfully applied as OEMs in different rechargeable battery technologies, only a limited number of redox polymers were positively evaluated in AZMB (see Table S1 ) [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Here onwards we use an acronym AZPB for the AZMB comprising a polymer cathode and Zn metal anode.…”

An Overview of Flexible Electrode Materials/Substrates for Flexible Electrochemical Energy Storage/Conversion Devices

“…Overall, the cable‐type energy devices fabricated with metal wires as the electrode have advantages of good flexibility and potential to be integrated into textiles for building smart wearable self‐powered systems [27] . However, at the current stage, the low energy density largely restricts the practical application, which calls for more efforts to optimize the electrode materials and device configuration.…”