Bioinspired Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Three Plant Extracts and Their Antibacterial Activity against Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Abstract

Rice bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is responsible for a significant reduction in rice production. Due to the small impact on the environment, biogenic nanomaterials are regarded as a new type of antibacterial agent. In this research, three colloids of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized with different biological materials such as Arctium lappa fruit, Solanum melongena leaves, and Taraxacum mongolicum leaves, and called Al-AgNPs, Sm-AgNPs and Tm-AgNPs, respectively. The appearance of brown colloids and the UV-Visible spectroscopy analysis proved the successful synthesis of the three colloids of AgNPs. Moreover, FTIR and XRD analysis revealed the formation of AgNPs structure. The SEM and TEM analysis indicated that the average diameters of the three synthesized spherical AgNPs were 20.18 nm, 21.00 nm, and 40.08 nm, respectively. The three botanical AgNPs had the strongest bacteriostatic against Xoo strain C2 at 20 μg/mL with the inhibition zone of 16.5 mm, 14.5 mm, and 12.4 mm, while bacterial numbers in a liquid broth (measured by OD600) decreased by 72.10%, 68.19%, and 65.60%, respectively. Results showed that the three AgNPs could inhibit biofilm formation and swarming motility of Xoo. The ultrastructural observation showed that Al-AgNPs adhered to the surface of bacteria and broke the bacteria. Overall, the three synthetic AgNPs could be used to inhibit the pathogen Xoo of rice bacterial leaf blight.

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Anticancer Characteristics of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Plant Extracts of Wrightia tinctoria and Acacia chundra

“…Some minor peaks in the XRD spectra were also detected, which could be ascribed to surface reactions of either biological or chemical origin. The findings of a number of other researchers were similar to the conclusion reached in the present investigation [ 3 – 8 ].…”

“…There have been a lot of studies conducted on how to make silver nanoparticles with potential anticancer and antibacterial action. Some examples include Arctium lappa fruit extract [ 3 ], Solanum melongena leaves [ 3 ], Taraxacum mongolicum leaves [ 3 ], red currants berries [ 4 ], alcoholic flower extracts [ 5 ], Pisum sativum L extracts [ 6 ], Mangifera indica seed extracts [ 7 ], berry extracts [ 9 ], Cucumis prophetarum leaf extracts [ 10 ], and Alpina katsumadai seed extract.…”

“…Te higher the ratio of surface area to volume of the nanoparticles is, the more efcient they are in biological systems. Traditional methods of chemical and physical synthesis of nanomaterials require more time and involve the use of more hazardous reducing or stabilizing chemicals [1][2][3]. Plants contain bioactive components such as phenols, favonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, polysaccharides, proteins, terpenoids, amines, ketones, and aldehydes that act as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents in the conversion of metal ions to metal nanoparticles.…”

“…Plants contain bioactive components such as phenols, favonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, polysaccharides, proteins, terpenoids, amines, ketones, and aldehydes that act as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents in the conversion of metal ions to metal nanoparticles. Hence, the use of plant resources will eliminate the need for toxic solvents and chemicals [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Te aforementioned issues can be addressed, and biocompatibility with nanoparticles can be obtained, by using plant extracts as reducers and stabilizers in the synthesis of ecologically friendly metallic nanoparticles [9,10].…”

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Produced Using Geobacillus spp. Bacteria

“…The synthesis methodology of AgNPs was prepared according to [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The tested Geobacillus strains were grown aerobically in 100 mL liquid broth with the following composition (in g/L): tryptone (Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), 10; meat extract (Merck, Rahway, NJ, USA), 5; NaCl (Merck), 5; CaCl 2 (Merck), 2.3 mM; and ZnSO 4 (Merck), 0.91 µM, in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks.…”