Bioinspired Biomaterials with a Brick‐and‐Mortar Microstructure Combining Mechanical and Biological Performance

Abstract

The fabrication of bone regeneration biomaterials, which simultaneously possess superior mechanical performances and excellent bioactivity, remains challenging because these properties are usually mutually exclusive. Herein, inspired by the brick‐and‐mortar architecture of nacre, lamellar silicate‐based bioceramic composites are successfully prepared by constructing orderly layered bioceramics infiltrated with a biomedical resin interlayer via the bidirectional freezing technique. The lamellar composites possess high strength and proper Young's moduli, which match with human cortical bone. Furthermore, the lamellar composites can release bioactive ions with a controlled profile, which significantly enhance the cell proliferation of both rabbit bone mesenchymal stem cells and periodontal ligament cells in vitro. Moreover, with the degradation of silicate bioceramics in vivo, newly formed bone tissue can grow into the materials to present the bioceramic/new bone/resin sandwich‐like lamellar microstructure. The silicate‐based bioceramic composites with brick‐and‐mortar architecture represent an excellent biomaterial in combination of superior mechanical performances matching that of human cortical bone, and excellent bioactivity for potential load‐bearing bone regeneration.

Radially Porous Nanocomposite Scaffolds with Enhanced Capability for Guiding Bone Regeneration In Vivo

“…Clinically, treatments of bone defects caused by tumor resection, congenital disease, or trauma are big challenges, since bone repair is influenced by multiple factors. [1][2][3] With the rapid development of tissue engineering (TE) techniques, a series of biomaterials, including bioactive polymers, [4,5] bioceramics, [6,7] titanium alloy, [8] and their composites, [9][10][11][12][13][14] have been engineered into porous scaffolds for bone defect reconstruction, because porous scaffolds can provide 3D spaces for ingrowth of blood vessels and new bone tissue.…”

Pearl-inspired graphene oxide-collagen microgel with multi-layer mineralization through microarray chips for bone defect repair

“…The studies learning from natural pearls, pearls, bones, bamboo, teeth, have provided countless inspiration for solving the problem of bone defects [ [24] , [25] , [26] ]. Pearl, consisting of calcium carbonate platelets and organic matrix, exhibits high strength, and uniform mineralization, which were mainly attributed to the hierarchical “brick-and-mortar” layered architectures [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Inorganic-based biomaterials for rapid hemostasis and wound healing

“…These scaffolds displayed excellent properties including the high loading and sustained release of drugs and proteins and the improvement of the migration and differentiation of tissue cells. 91,92 In addition to the above, Feng et al reported a bio-inspired lamellar chitosan scaffold with a long range ordered porous structure. Most interestingly, the chitosan scaffold was found to be capable of inducing macrophage differentiation to the M2 phenotype that played an important role in tissue regeneration.…”