Bioinformatics and Genomics for Epidemiologists

Bello‐Chavolla, Omar Yaxmehen; Fernández‐Chirino, Luisa; Antonio-Villa, Neftalí Eduardo; Delaye-Martínez, Marco Antonio; Sicilia-Andrade, Alejandro

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-89601-0_12

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…• Social lag -We used data from the National Council for Evaluation of Social Development Policy (CONEVAL), which provides state-level estimates of the 2020 social lag index (SLI), which is a composite measure of access to education, health care, dwelling quality, and basic services in Mexico (16). To assess marginalization independently of urbanization, we extracted mean population density from each state and regressed it onto SLI and obtained the residuals which represent a density-independent social lag index (DISLI) (9,17,18). We then categorized states into DISLI quartiles (Q1-Q4) and classified individuals from each quartile to each according to their state of residence.…”

Section: Modifying Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nationally representative prevalence and determinants of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Long COVID) amongst Mexican adults in 2022

Bello‐Chavolla

Fernández‐Chirino

Ramírez-García

et al. 2023

Preprint

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OBJECTIVETo characterize the epidemiology of post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) in Mexico during 2022 and identify potential predictors of PASC prevalence using nationally representative data.METHODSWe analyzed data from the 2022 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) totaling 24,434 participants, representing 85,521,661 adults ≥20 years. PASC was defined using both the World Health Organization definition and a PASC score ≥12. Estimates of PASC prevalence were stratified by age, sex, rural vs. urban setting, social lag quartiles, number of reinfections, vaccination status and by periods of predominance of SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants. Predictors of PASC were assessed using logistic regression models adjusted by survey weights.RESULTSPersistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported by 12.44% (95%CI 11.89-12.99) of adults ≥20 years in Mexico during 2022. The most common persistent symptoms were musculoskeletal pain, headache, cough, loss of smell or taste, fever, post-exertional malaise, brain fog, anxiety, chest pain, and sleep disorders. PASC was present in 21.21% (95%CI 7.71-9.65) subjects with previously diagnosed COVID-19. Over 28.6% patients with PASC reported symptoms persistence ≥6 months and 14.05% reported incapacitating symptoms. Higher PASC prevalence was associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfections, depressive symptoms and living in states with high social lag. PASC prevalence, particularly its more severe forms, decreased with COVID-19 vaccination and for infections during periods of Omicron variant predominance.CONCLUSIONSPASC implies a significant public health burden in Mexico as the COVID-19 pandemic transitions into endemicity. Promoting reinfection prevention and booster vaccination may be useful to reduce PASC burden.

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Section: Modifying Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nationally representative prevalence and determinants of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Long COVID) amongst Mexican adults in 2022

Bello‐Chavolla

Fernández‐Chirino

Ramírez-García

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…(31) Analysis of out-of-hospital deaths in Mexico during the pandemic revealed that most of the excess deaths that occurred during 2020 took place out of hospital. (32) In 2020, the regions with higher non-COVID-19 excess mortality were associated with a low percentage of the population with access to social security and healthcare. (30) Our results present a similar trend: we observed that southern Mexico reported a higher contribution of causes of death amenable to healthcare to changes in life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, while in northern Mexico, causes of death amenable to healthcare helped to mitigate life expectancy losses.…”

Section: -Interpretation Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mexico’s surge of violence and COVID-19 drive life expectancy losses 2015–2021

Zazueta-Borboa,

Vázquez-Castillo,

Gargiulo

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Life expectancy at birth in Mexico has stagnated since the early 2000s. As the COVID-19 pandemic hit, Mexico experienced sizable excess mortality, albeit with large regional variation. We aimed to assess the contribution of violence, COVID-19, and causes of death amenable to healthcare to life expectancy changes between 2015 and 2021 in Mexico. Methods We used administrative mortality data by causes of death, and adjusted population exposures from the National Population Council. We applied demographic decomposition methods to assess life expectancy changes at the subnational level, by year and sex. Findings Life expectancy between 2015 and 2019 declined from 71.8 to 71.1 years for males and stagnated at 77.6 years for females. Violence among young males accounted for 54.3% of life expectancy losses. Between 2019 and 2020, life expectancy decreased by 7.1 and 4.4 years for males and females, respectively. COVID-19 deaths accounted for 55.4% (males) and 57.7% (females). In 2021, male life expectancy stagnated at 64.1 years due to reductions in deaths due to amenable diseases but continued increasing for females by 0.44 years mainly due to reductions in COVID-19 deaths. Interpretation We document large variations in life expectancy losses across Mexican states, which are associated with preexistent high levels of violence, and socioeconomic disadvantages across geographical areas. Our results serve as a reminder that violence has negative health implications for both sexes and that COVID-19 affected more socially disadvantaged states.

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“…Ethnicity is a known modifier of metabolic risk in individuals with prediabetes (3,4); in particular, Mexican mestizo populations have an increased risk of diabetes, which manifests at younger ages and lower body-mass index levels (5)(6)(7). However, epidemiological data on prediabetes among ethnically diverse populations are limited, including in Mexico, where diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of disability and death (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of untreated prediabetes and glucose metabolism disturbances in Mexico: An analysis of nationally representative surveys spanning 2016-2021

Fermín-Martínez,

Paz-Cabrera,

Basile-Alvarez

et al. 2023

Preprint

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OBJECTIVE: Characterizing prediabetes phenotypes may be useful in guiding diabetes prevention efforts; however, heterogeneous criteria to define prediabetes have led to inconsistent prevalence estimates, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We estimated trends in untreated prediabetes prevalence in Mexico across different definitions and its association with prevalent cardiometabolic conditions. METHODS: We conducted a serial cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Mexico (2016-2021), totaling 21,442 Mexican adults, excluding individuals with diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes. Prediabetes was defined using ADA (impaired fasting glucose [IFG] 100-125 mg/dL and/or HbA1c 5.7-6.4%), WHO (IFG 110-125 mg/dL), and IEC criteria (HbA1c 6.0-6.4%). Prevalence trends of prediabetes over time were evaluated using Poisson regression and its association with prevalent cardiometabolic conditions with logistic regression. RESULTS: Prevalence of prediabetes in Mexico in 2021 was 27.3%. Despite an overall downward trend in prediabetes (RR 0.960, 95%CI 0.940-0.979), this decrease was primarily driven by decreases in prediabetes by ADA-IFG (RR 0.883, 95%CI 0.861-0.907) and WHO-IFG criteria (RR 0.878, 95%CI 0.838-0.921), while prediabetes by ADA-HbA1c (RR 1.049, 95%CI 1.022-1.077) and IEC-HbA1C criteria (RR 1.064, 95%CI 1.014-1.115) increased over time. Prediabetes prevalence increased over time in adults >40 years, individuals with central obesity, self-identified as indigenous or living in urban areas. Regardless of the definition, prediabetes was associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Prediabetes rates in Mexico from 2016-2021 varied based on defining criteria but consistently increased for HbA1c-based definitions and high-risk subgroups. Regardless of the definition, prediabetes clusters subjects with high cardiometabolic risk.

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Bioinformatics and Genomics for Epidemiologists

Cited by 3 publications

References 65 publications

Nationally representative prevalence and determinants of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Long COVID) amongst Mexican adults in 2022

Nationally representative prevalence and determinants of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Long COVID) amongst Mexican adults in 2022

Mexico’s surge of violence and COVID-19 drive life expectancy losses 2015–2021

Prevalence of untreated prediabetes and glucose metabolism disturbances in Mexico: An analysis of nationally representative surveys spanning 2016-2021

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