Bioguided Purification of Active Compounds from Leaves of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul

Abstract

Anadenanthera colubrina var cebil (Griseb.) Altschul is a medicinal plant found throughout the Brazilian semi-arid area. This work performed a bioguided purification of active substances present in ethyl acetate extract from A. colubrina leaves. The anti-Staphylococcus aureus and antioxidant actions were used as markers of bioactivity. The extract was subjected to flash chromatography resulting in five fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5). The fractions F2 and F4 presented the highest antimicrobial action, with a dose able to inhibit 50% of bacteria growth (IN50) of 19.53 μg/mL for S. aureus UFPEDA 02; whereas F4 showed higher inhibitory action towards DPPH radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) [dose able to inhibit 50% of the radical (IC50) = 133 ± 9 μg/mL]. F2 and F4 were then subjected to preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), resulting in the identification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and hyperoside as the major compounds in F2 and F4, respectively. Hyperoside and p-hydroxybenzoic acid presented IN50 values of 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL against S. aureus UFPEDA 02, respectively. However, the hyperoside had an IN50 of 62.5 μg/mL against S. aureus UFPEDA 705, a clinical isolate with multidrug resistant phenotype. Among the purified compounds, the proanthocyanidins obtained from F2 exhibited the higher antioxidant potentials. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of A. colubrina leaves as an alternative source of biomolecules of interest for the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.

Antibacterial Modes of Herbal Flavonoids Combat Resistant Bacteria

“…For instance, as typical heat-clearing and damp eliminating herbs, Scutellariae Radix has the main flavonoes of baicalein and baicalin using the direct-acting antibacterial activity to fight against MRSA, S. aureus, and Streptococcus suis infections via inhibition of bacterial membrane functions ( Rajkumari et al, 2017 ; Chen et al, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ; Lu et al, 2021 ) ( Table 1 ). In addition, other flavonoid compounds in heat-clearing herbs also have the antibacterial abilities of damaging the bacterial membrane, such as quercetin from Gardeniae Fructus (iii, heat-clearing and damp eliminating herb) ( Mohamed et al, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2020 ), kaempferol origin from Moutan Coetrx (ii, heat-clearing and blood-eliminating herb) ( Lin et al, 2020 ; He et al, 2021 ), luteolin and lonicerin from Lonicerae Japonica (iv, heat-clearing and toxin-relieving herb) ( Zhang et al, 2018 ; Singh et al, 2021 ), hyperin and hyperoside origin from Lonicerae Japonica (iv, heat-clearing and toxin-relieving herb) ( Rodrigo Cavalcante de Araújo et al, 2019 ), rutin from Forshiae Fructus (iii, heat-clearing and damp eliminating herb) ( Deepika et al, 2019 ; Di Lodovico et al, 2020 ; Motallebi et al, 2020 ), and mangiferin from Anemarrhenae Rhizome (i, heat-clearing and blood-cooling herbs) ( Tchinda et al, 2019 ). These DAC IM flavonoids that treat bacterial strains are detailed in Table 1 .…”

Modulation of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties by Drying of Prunus domestica L. Plum Juice Extracts

“…Hyperoside is a flavonol glycoside with variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities [29][30][31]. Its antibacterial effect has been demonstrated both, against gram-negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa [32] and against gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus [33]. The results obtained in this work suggest that the hyperoside could be involved in the antimicrobial effect observed, since this compound has a significantly higher concentration in the powder obtained by FD, while the rest of the phenolic compounds identified are in concentrations similar or lower than those obtained for the rest of the extracts (Table 2).…”

Antioxidant Activity and Determination of Total Phenolics of Natural Products From the Brazilian Flora

“…[6][7][8] Studies show a relationship between phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of plants. 9,10 The antioxidant activity of these compounds is mainly due to their reducing properties and their chemical structure, characteristics that play an important role in the neutralization or scavenging of free radicals. 11 Thus, phenolic compounds may be responsible for the antioxidant activities of plant products, providing prevention against cellular damage caused by the imbalance between the levels of free radicals and antioxidants.…”