Bioglass-fibre reinforced hydroxyapatite composites synthesized using spark plasma sintering for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) exhibits several desirable characteristics, but it still lacks osteoinduction, which is a necessary requirement for a bone scaffold. HA-based composites with different amounts of Bioglass? (BG) were prepared using spark plasma sintering (SPS). Careful selection of the SPS parameters avoided undesirable reactions between the calcium phosphate (CaP) and bioglass (BG present in the form of powder and fibres), as confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis. Scanning electron microscopy images of the composite scaffolds revealed a fibre like appearance of the glassy region. The in vitro bioactivity and biodegradation analyses were performed by immersing the composites in simulated body fluid (SBF) and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), respectively. The ability to obtain only the CaP phase and glassy phase with desirable bioactive and biodegradation behaviour, indicated that these SPS scaffolds can be employed as bone scaffolds for clinical trials, after further in vivo analyses.

Hydrothermally reinforcing hydroxyaptatite and bioactive glass on carbon nanofiber scafold for bone tissue engineering

“…It can also bind to some parts of bone through an ion exchange reaction that makes apatite carbonate ( Rizwan et al, 2021 ). Furthermore, it can also be broken down or taken back up by the cells’ metabolism.…”

“…In addition, it is responsible for Osteoinduction is the process of getting immature cells to change into mature osteoblasts. It also involves bone adhesion, cell growth, and differentiation of osteoblasts, which slowly replace living bones ( Rizwan et al, 2021 ). On the other hand, HAP is incorporated into biopolymers to improve mechanical strength and biocompatibility ( Feng et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Bioactive glasses are very interesting materials for the engineering of bone and soft tissue ( Rizwan et al, 2021 ). In addition to aiding angiogenesis and osteogensis processes, they exhibit a unique capacity for bone-bonding through the formation of HA layer.…”