Biogeochemical sulfur cycling in the water column of a shallow stratified sea-water lake: Speciation and quadruple sulfur isotope composition

Kamyshny, Alexander; Zerkle, Aubrey L.; Mansaray, Z. F.; Ciglenečki, Irena; Bura-Nakić, Elvira; Farquhar, James; Ferdelman, Timothy G.

doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2011.09.001

Cited by 50 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…1; see also Table S5 in the supplemental material). Hydrographical profiles as well as dissolved O 2 , RSS, and organic carbon concentrations were well in line with previously reported values from the respective seasons in the 1990s and 2000s (15,21,22). Water column stratification was stable throughout the spring and summer of 2011.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Previous studies proposed the cooccurrence of PSB-mediated phototrophic sulfur oxidation (27), chemotrophic sulfur oxidation, and sulfate reduction (21) under stratified conditions in Lake Rogoznica. Moreover, an increase in the abundance of PSB during and after anoxic holomixis in 1997 was reported (25), but no further details are available.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The epilimnion is similar to waters of the adjacent Adriatic Sea in temperature and salinity, while the hypolimnion is highly enriched in nutrients (NH 4 ϩ , up to 150 M; PO 4 3Ϫ , up to 22 M; SiO 4 4Ϫ , up to 400 M) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (up to 6 mg liter Ϫ1 ) (15)(16)(17)(18). This is assumed to be a consequence of extensive organic matter remineralization (19,20) coupled to microbial sulfate reduction in anoxic lake sediments and the hypolimnion (21), where sulfide concentrations reach up to 5 mmol liter Ϫ1 (15,17,19,21,22). The depth of the chemocline increases from winter to summer months (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesized that during stratification, the microbial community in the epilimnion resembles communities in the photic zone of the adjacent Adriatic Sea, with Synechococcus-Prochlorococcus-type Cyanobacteria and SAR11 clade-related Alphaproteobacteria being the dominant bacterioplankton (26,28,29). In anoxic waters and underlying sediments, a microbial community with sulfate-reducing potential was predicted based on observed sulfur isotope fractionation values (21). The effect of anoxic holomixis and S 0 accumulation on the diversity and distribution of photo-and chemotrophic sulfuroxidizing prokaryotes (SOP) in Lake Rogoznica was of particular interest, as this phenomenon has thus far been described only for oceanic redoxclines (e.g., off the coast of Namibia [30]), where phototrophic sulfide oxidation is of no significance.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Community Shift from Phototrophic to Chemotrophic Sulfide Oxidation following Anoxic Holomixis in a Stratified Seawater Lake

Pjevac

Korlević

Berg

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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f Most stratified sulfidic holomictic lakes become oxygenated after annual turnover. In contrast, Lake Rogoznica, on the eastern Adriatic coast, has been observed to undergo a period of water column anoxia after water layer mixing and establishment of holomictic conditions. Although Lake Rogoznica's chemistry and hydrography have been studied extensively, it is unclear how the microbial communities typically inhabiting the oxic epilimnion and a sulfidic hypolimnion respond to such a drastic shift in redox conditions. We investigated the impact of anoxic holomixis on microbial diversity and microbially mediated sulfur cycling in Lake Rogoznica with an array of culture-independent microbiological methods. Our data suggest a tight coupling between the lake's chemistry and occurring microorganisms. During stratification, anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria were dominant at the chemocline and in the hypolimnion. After an anoxic mixing event, the anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria entirely disappeared, and the homogeneous, anoxic water column was dominated by a bloom of gammaproteobacterial sulfur oxidizers related to the GSO/SUP05 clade. This study is the first report of a community shift from phototrophic to chemotrophic sulfide oxidizers as a response to anoxic holomictic conditions in a seasonally stratified seawater lake. Stratified sulfidic lakes offer a physically and chemically welldefined environment for the development of complex yet stable microbial communities along light, oxygen, and sulfide gradients (1-4). Their water column is divided into an oxic surface layer, the epilimnion, and an anoxic bottom layer, the hypolimnion (5). The interface between these layers is the chemocline. It is the zone of highest chemical reactivity in the lake, typically accompanied by elevated microbial activity. In the anoxic hypolimnion and the underlying sediments, sulfate reduction plays a key role in organic matter remineralization (e.g., see references 3 and 6), resulting in the production of hydrogen sulfide. Where sulfide and light are present but oxygen is absent, anoxygenic phototrophic green sulfur bacteria (GSB) and purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) oxidize sulfide and form extensive blooms with cell densities of up to 10 7 cells ml Ϫ1 (1, 3, 7-10). Chemotrophic sulfur oxidizers (e.g., Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Epsilonproteobacteria) often occur in layers above or together with GSB and PSB at the chemocline (3, 9, 11-13). In the oxic, sulfide-free epilimnion, the microbial community composition is distinct from those in underlying anoxic waters (10,13,14). Lake Rogoznica is a seasonally stratified seawater lake on the Croatian Adriatic coast. Its hydrography and chemistry have been studied extensively throughout the last 2 decades. The epilimnion is similar to waters of the adjacent Adriatic Sea in temperature and salinity, while the hypolimnion is highly enriched in nutrients (NH 4 ϩ , up to 150 M; PO 4 3Ϫ , up to 22 M; SiO 4 4Ϫ , up to 400 M) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (up to 6 mg...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community Shift from Phototrophic to Chemotrophic Sulfide Oxidation following Anoxic Holomixis in a Stratified Seawater Lake

Pjevac

Korlević

Berg

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…1d) are evidence of strong thiocyanate adsorption on sediment in the upper sediment layer and also its degradation in the upper layer, and possibly throughout the oxic sediment zone. Second, the stability of thiocyanate under anoxic conditions is in accordance with observations that in stratified water columns of two lakes, thiocyanate concentrations decrease from the bottom to the redox-transition zone, and thiocyanate disappears with the onset of oxygen (Kamyshny et al 2011). However, it should be mentioned that in these lakes, a thiocyanate offset occurs in the water layer populated by purple sulfur bacteria, which possibly metabolize thiocyanate.…”

Section: Sediment Amendment Incubationssupporting

confidence: 87%

Hydrogen Cyanide Accumulation and Transformations in Non-polluted Salt Marsh Sediments

et al. 2012

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While cyanide is known to be produced by many organisms, including plants, bacteria, algae, fungi and some animals, it is generally thought that high levels of cyanide in aquatic systems require anthropogenic sources. Here, we report accumulation of relatively high levels of cyanide in non-polluted salt marsh sediments (up to 230 lmol kg -1 ). Concentrations of free cyanide up to 1.92 lmol L -1 , which are toxic to aquatic life, were detected in the pore-waters. Concentration of total (free and complexed) cyanide in the pore-waters was up to 6.94 lmol L -1 . Free cyanide, which is released to the marsh sediments, is attributed to processes associated with decomposition of cord grass, Spartina alterniflora, roots and possibly from other sources. This cyanide is rapidly complexed with iron and adsorbed on sedimentary organic matter. The ultimate cyanide sink is, however, associated with formation of thiocyanate by reaction with products of sulfide oxidation by Fe(III) minerals, especially polysulfides. The formation of thiocyanate by this pathway detoxifies two poisonous compounds, polysulfides and hydrogen cyanide, preventing release of free hydrogen cyanide from salt marsh sediments into overlying water or air.

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Dense bottom gravity currents and their impact on pelagic methanotrophy at oxic/anoxic transition zones

Schmale

Krause

Holtermann

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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We show that inflows of oxygenated waters into sulfidic layers have a strong impact on biogeochemical transformation at oxic/anoxic transition zones. Taking the pelagic methane dynamics in the Gotland Basin as an example, we performed our studies when one of the largest inflows ever recorded entered the Baltic Sea in March 2015. An inflowing gravity current transported oxic waters into the sulfidic deep layers and freshly generated a near‐bottom secondary redox interface. At the upper slope, where the inflowing water masses were vigorously turbulent and the main and secondary redox interfaces in close contact to each other, methane oxidation rates inside the transition zone were found to be higher compared to the weakly turbulent basin interior. At the main redox interface in the basin center, lateral intrusions of oxygenated waters into intermediate water depth may have stimulated the growth of the methanotrophic community and their activity.

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Biogeochemical sulfur cycling in the water column of a shallow stratified sea-water lake: Speciation and quadruple sulfur isotope composition

Cited by 50 publications

References 67 publications

Community Shift from Phototrophic to Chemotrophic Sulfide Oxidation following Anoxic Holomixis in a Stratified Seawater Lake

Community Shift from Phototrophic to Chemotrophic Sulfide Oxidation following Anoxic Holomixis in a Stratified Seawater Lake

Hydrogen Cyanide Accumulation and Transformations in Non-polluted Salt Marsh Sediments

Dense bottom gravity currents and their impact on pelagic methanotrophy at oxic/anoxic transition zones

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