Biogenic zinc-oxide nanoparticles of Moringa oleifera leaves abrogates rotenone induced neuroendocrine toxicity by regulation of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity

Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) from plant origin were postulated to regulate complex hormonal control through the hypothalamus– pituitary–testicular axis and somatic cells due to their unique small size and effective drug delivery to target tissues. This study therefore investigates the biogenic synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from Moringa oleifera leaves on key endocrine hormones (LH, FSH and testosterone), MDA level, antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), acetylcholineesterase (AChE) activity and reactive nitrogen species (NO • ) level in rotenone induced male rat. The animals were divided into six groups (n = 8). Group I was orally given olive oil as vehicle; Group II received 60 mg/kg of rotenone (RTNE) only; Group III (RTNE + ZnONPs) received 60 mg/kg RTNE + 10 mg/kg ZnONPs; Group IV (RTNE + ZnCAP) received 60 mg/kg RTNE + 50 mg/kg zinc capsule; Group V (ZnONPs only) received 10 mg/kg ZnONPs only. Group VI received 50 mg/kg ZnCAP only. The experiment lasted 10 days. TEM and XRD images revealed ZnO NPs. Moreover, the presence of organic molecules in bio-reduction reactions from the FTIR spectrum showed the stabilization of the nanoparticles. Also, animals induced with rotenone exhibited impairment in the leydig cells by depleting LH, FSH, and testosterone levels with reduced AChE activity and significant (p < 0.05) alteration in cerebral enzymatic antioxidants. There was also brain increase in NO • production: marker of pro-inflammation. Nanotherapeutically, ZnONPs regulated hypothalamus–pituitary–testicular axis via modulation of cerebral NO • , FSH, LH, testosterone and AChE activity with induction of anti-oxidative enzymes.

Bio synthesis, Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles from Scoparia dulcis L. plant extract and its in-vitro Antioxidant, Acetylcholinesterase Activity

“…The substantial Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory action for produced ZnO nano particles from the Camellia sinensis leaf extract was reported in Nilgiris (39). ZnO NPs made from Moringa oleifera leaves were tested for Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory action from Nigeria (40) and the results revealed significant activity. In our current investigation, considerable confirmation of the AChE activity of the S. dulcis and SDE -ZnO NPs has been revealed for the first time (Table 1).…”

In vitro antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase activities of catechin-loaded green fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles

“…In a related investigation, Withania somnifera lowered AChE activity by 30% when used at a concentration of 12.50 µg/mL, and reached roughly 50% inhibition at 50 µg/mL [36]. A previous study in oral treatment of ZnONPS and ZnCAP for brain abnormalities caused by retinone RTNE has significantly higher inhibition activity of AChE [37]. Previously reported, the highest AChE inhibitory activity (IC 50 = 336.885.52 µg/mL) was observed in methanol extract of pericarp; additionally, green tea and tea polyphenols have potentially inhibited AChE with IC 50 concentration of 30 µg/mL and 248 µg/mL, respectively [21].…”

Moringa oleifera: Recent Insights for Its Biochemical and Medicinal Applications

“…For its androgenic efect on testosterone chemistry and reserve, MO leaf extracts have been reported to inhibit β-hydroxylation of testosterone by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) [262], increased the testosterone productivity in Leydig TM3 cells [263], and reduced the level of testosterone in prostatic hyperplastic rats [264]. Te combination of MO leaves with nanoparticles like zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) could potentiate the biogenic synthesis of LH, FSH, and testosterone through the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis [265]. Contrary to the previously mentioned, MO seed extracts have been reported to potentiate male reproductive toxicity as they decreased testosterone, LH, sperm motility, and sperm in rats [266].…”