Biogenic Factors of Radionuclide Immobilization on Sandy Rocks of Upper Aquifers

Safonov, Alexey; Andryushchenko, N. D.; Иванов, П. В.; Boldyrev, Kirill; Бабич, Т. Л.; German, K. É.; Zakharova, Еlena V.

doi:10.1134/s1066362219010156

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Minimal respiratory activity was observed on quartz, zeolite Z2, sand, and vermiculite. At the same time, in our other works, it was shown that the biofouling of vermiculite can be quite high [ 5 , 38 ]. An assessment of the total area of the polysaccharide biofilm showed that minimal biofouling was observed on quartz, sand, zeolite Z2, and KS1; on other materials, biofouling was more than 50%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Effect of Mineral Carriers on Biofilm Formation and Nitrogen Removal Activity by an Indigenous Anammox Community from Cold Groundwater Ecosystem Alone and Bioaugmented with Biomass from a “Warm” Anammox Reactor

Vishnyakova

Popova

Artemiev

et al. 2022

Biology

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The complex pollution of aquifers by reduced and oxidized nitrogen compounds is currently considered one of the urgent environmental problems that require non-standard solutions. This work was a laboratory-scale trial to show the feasibility of using various mineral carriers to create a permeable in situ barrier in cold (10 °C) aquifers with extremely high nitrogen pollution and inhabited by the Candidatus Scalindua-dominated indigenous anammox community. It has been established that for the removal of ammonium and nitrite in situ due to the predominant contribution of the anammox process, quartz, kaolin clays of the Kantatsky and Kamalinsky deposits, bentonite clay of the Berezovsky deposit, and zeolite of the Kholinsky deposit can be used as components of the permeable barrier. Biofouling of natural loams from a contaminated aquifer can also occur under favorable conditions. It has been suggested that the anammox activity is determined by a number of factors, including the presence of the essential trace elements in the carrier and the surface morphology. However, one of the most important factors is competition with other microbial groups that can develop on the surface of the carrier at a faster rate. For this reason, carriers with a high specific surface area and containing the necessary microelements were overgrown with the most rapidly growing microorganisms. Bioaugmentation with a “warm” anammox community from a laboratory reactor dominated by Ca. Kuenenia improved nitrogen removal rates and biofilm formation on most of the mineral carriers, including bentonite clay of the Dinozavrovoye deposit, as well as loamy rock and zeolite-containing tripoli, in addition to carriers that perform best with the indigenous anammox community. The feasibility of coupled partial denitrification–anammox and the adaptation of a “warm” anammox community to low temperatures and hazardous components contained in polluted groundwater prior to bioaugmentation should be the scope of future research to enhance the anammox process in cold, nitrate-rich aquifers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For comparison, in the current study, the native rock from another water-bearing horizon, B2, was used, from a depth of 12 m with high levels of nitrogen pollution. The study of in situ biological treatment was carried out previously at this site [ 38 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mineral Carriers on Biofilm Formation and Nitrogen Removal Activity by an Indigenous Anammox Community from Cold Groundwater Ecosystem Alone and Bioaugmented with Biomass from a “Warm” Anammox Reactor

Vishnyakova

Popova

Artemiev

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…After termination of the biogenic processes, the formation of large uranium-, plutonium-, and neptunium-containing particles associated with cells 49 and large biopolymers (protein-polysaccharide biofilms) 50 , 51 was observed. This results in decreased migration activity of the actinides since it is known that the transport of colloids is strongly influenced by their size and water filtration parameters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of colloidal and pseudo-colloidal transport of actinides in nitrate contaminated groundwater near a radioactive waste repository after bioremediation

Safonov

Lavrinovich

Emel’yanov

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The possible role of biogeochemical processes in the transport of colloidal and pseudo-colloidal U, Np, and Pu during bioremediation of radionuclide- and nitrate-contaminated groundwater was investigated. In two laboratory experiments with water samples taken from contaminated aquifers before and post bioremediation, we found that microbial processes could cause clayed, ferruginous, and actinide colloids to coagulate. The main mechanisms are biogenic insoluble ferrous iron species formations (goethite, pyrrhotite, siderite, troilite, and ferrihydrite), the aggregation of clay particles by microbial metabolites, and the immobilization of actinides in the bacterial cells, large polymers, and iron and clayed sediments. This process decreases the risk of colloidal and pseudo-colloidal transport of actinides.

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“…The distribution of radioactive and chemical pollutants in groundwater, in addition to their chemical properties, depends on the porosity of aquifers, the mineral composition of surrounding rocks, and the characteristics of hydrodynamic regimes within aquifers. One of the factors influencing the migration of pollutants in groundwater is the biogeochemical one, which is driven by the activity of subsurface microflora capable of being activated by bioavailable elements present in the waste (C, Fe, N, S) [18][19][20][21][22]. In the case of complex contamination, one suitable method for removing nitrogen, sulfur, and actinides is in situ bioremediation, which involves the injection of inexpensive soluble substrates in order to activate the microbial community [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and Complex Substrates (Sugar, Acetate and Milk Whey) for In Situ Bioremediation of Groundwater with Nitrate and Actinide Contamination

Myasnikov,

Artemiev,

Lavrinovich

et al. 2023

Hydrology

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The complex contamination of groundwater near radioactive waste repositories by nitrates and actinides is a common problem for many nuclear fuel cycle facilities. One of the effective methods to remove nitrates and reduce actinide migration activity is bioremediation through the activation of native microbial communities by soluble electron donors and carbon sources. This work evaluated the effectiveness of using simple and complex electron donors to remove nitrate in the microbial community in an aquifer near the B2 storage of the Siberian Chemical Combine (Seversk, Siberia). The addition of sugar and milk whey led to the maximum efficiency of nitrate-ion removal and a decrease in the redox potential of the system, creating optimal conditions for the immobilization of actinide. Special attention was paid to the behavior of uranium, plutonium, neptunium, and americium under conditions simulating groundwater when sugar, acetate, and milk whey were added and when microbial metabolic products were formed. Neither microbial metabolites nor organic solutions were found to have a significant effect on the leaching of neptunium. At the same time, for plutonium, a decrease in yield was observed when rocks were treated with organic solutions were compared to groundwater treatment without them. Plutonium leaching is significantly affected by rock composition. In rocks with a low clay fraction content, its yield can reach 40%. At the same time, microbial metabolites can increase americium (Am) desorption from rocks with a low clay fraction content. Additionally, particle size analysis was performed using a step-by-step filtration approach, aiming to evaluate the risks that are associated with colloidal phase formation. It was shown that microbiological stimulation resulted in particle enlargement, substantially diminishing the presence of actinides in the form of dissolved or sub-50 nm nanoparticles. This outcome significantly reduced the potential for colloidal and pseudocolloidal transfer, thereby lowering associated risks.

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Biogenic Factors of Radionuclide Immobilization on Sandy Rocks of Upper Aquifers

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of Mineral Carriers on Biofilm Formation and Nitrogen Removal Activity by an Indigenous Anammox Community from Cold Groundwater Ecosystem Alone and Bioaugmented with Biomass from a “Warm” Anammox Reactor

Effect of Mineral Carriers on Biofilm Formation and Nitrogen Removal Activity by an Indigenous Anammox Community from Cold Groundwater Ecosystem Alone and Bioaugmented with Biomass from a “Warm” Anammox Reactor

Risk of colloidal and pseudo-colloidal transport of actinides in nitrate contaminated groundwater near a radioactive waste repository after bioremediation

Simple and Complex Substrates (Sugar, Acetate and Milk Whey) for In Situ Bioremediation of Groundwater with Nitrate and Actinide Contamination

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