Biogenic Amines and Affective Disorders

Schildkraut, J J

doi:10.1146/annurev.me.25.020174.002001

Cited by 95 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…A reduced WPV was repeatedly found in psychiatric patients. In patients with depressive psychoses, reduced levels of monoamine metabolites in the CSF were found (6,12,22,24), and in patients with schizophrenia, recent reports have indicated that there is a reduction of mono amine oxidase activity in blood platelets, indicating disturbances in the mono amine turn-over (5). The correlations between monoamine metabolites and EEG measures that we found are in line with these investigations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological Measures Related to Levels of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Homovanillic Acid and Tryptophan in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Psychiatric Patients

Gottfries¹,

Knorring²,

Perris³

1976

Neuropsychobiology

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In 26 patients with psychiatric disorders, EEG, and visual averaged evoked responses (VAER) were recorded. In the analysis of the EEG, the mean integrated amplitude (MIA), its within patient variance (WPV), and the coefficient of variation CV = √WPV/MIA) × 100 were calculated. Patients were grouped as augmenters or reducers according to their tendency in the VAER recording to augment or to reduce the intensity of incoming signals with increasing stimulus intensity. The content of monoamine metabolites, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-HIAA, and homovanillic acid (HVA), and – for 17 patients -tryptophan, in the cerebrospinal fluid was determined. In the analysis of the results, WPV in the α-band was found to be significantly correlated to HVA (r = 0.45, p < 0.02) and to 5-HIAA (r = 0.34, p < 0.05). In a multiple regression analysis, the correlation between WPV and HVA was found to be the most important. CV was found to be significantly correlated to tryptophan (r = 0.68, p < 0.01). In the analysis of the results of the VAER, reducers were found to have higher levels of 5-HIAA and tryptophan and significantly higher values of HVA. The results are discussed in relation to earlier neurophysiological and biochemical theories about psychiatric patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological Measures Related to Levels of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Homovanillic Acid and Tryptophan in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Psychiatric Patients

Gottfries¹,

Knorring²,

Perris³

1976

Neuropsychobiology

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“…Initial studies focused on known neurotransmitter systems such as biogenic amines (Cousins et al, 2009; Manji and Lenox, 2000; Schildkraut, 1974), glutamate, and GABA (Krystal et al, 2002; Post, 1990), and on altered regulation of glucocorticoids (Daban et al, 2005; Watson et al, 2004), with implications of an involvement of each system. Studies with lithium led to the hypothesis of a role of the glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta pathway (Ikonomov and Manji, 1999; Klein and Melton, 1996), while studies with valproic acid introduced a role for epigenetic mechanisms in BPD (Phiel et al, 2001).…”

Section: Major Gene Groups Of Interest In Bipolar Disorder: Rounding mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria, oligodendrocytes and inflammation in bipolar disorder: Evidence from transcriptome studies points to intriguing parallels with multiple sclerosis

Konradi

Sillivan

Clay

2012

Neurobiology of Disease

126

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Gene expression studies of bipolar disorder (BPD) have shown changes in transcriptome profiles in multiple brain regions. Here we summarize the most consistent findings in the scientific literature, and compare them to data from schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). The transcriptome profiles of all three disorders overlap, making the existence of a BPDspecific profile unlikely.Three groups of functionally related genes are consistently expressed at altered levels in BPD, SZ and MDD. Genes involved in energy metabolism and mitochondrial function are downregulated, genes involved in immune response and inflammation are upregulated, and genes expressed in oligodendrocytes are downregulated. Experimental paradigms for multiple sclerosis demonstrate a tight link between energy metabolism, inflammation and demyelination. These studies also show variabilities in the extent of oligodendrocyte stress, which can vary from a downregulation of oligodendrocyte genes, such as observed in psychiatric disorders, to cell death and brain lesions seen in multiple sclerosis. We conclude that experimental models of multiple sclerosis could be of interest for the research of BPD, SZ and MDD.

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“…In view of known derangements in monoaminergic function in Parkinson's disease (Hornykiewicz, 1971), postulated abnormalities in affective psychoses (Schildkraut, 1974), and changes in urinary excretion of cAMP in manic-depressive illness (Paul et al, 1971;Abdulla and Hamadah, 1970), various authors have looked for alterations in cAMP concentration in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (LCSF) in various neurological (Cramer et al, 1973) and psychiatric disorders (Robison et al, 1970;Cramer et al, 1972a). Unfortunately, little information is available on the relative contribution of brain and spinal cord to the concentration of cAMP in LCSF so that interpreta-tion of results based on LCSF findings must be made with caution.…”

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confidence: 99%