“…The circular economy is a regenerative system in which inputs, waste of resources, gas emissions, and energy leaks are minimized (Geissdoerfer et al, 2016); sustainable societies must be based on the efficient use of these by-products (Pearlmutter et al, 2020 ). Many cities have implemented measures to promote the circular economy (Chrispim et al, 2021 ); however, these measures generally do not integrate the various aspects involved (organic solid waste, sludge, water, energy) (Paiho et al, 2021 ). For this reason, a link must be established between energy, water, and waste systems to make progress toward the goal of achieving sustainable cities (Wang et al, 2018 ).…”