Biofuels in Nigeria: A critical and strategic evaluation

Ishola, Mofoluwake M.; Brandberg, Tomas; Sanni, Sikiru Adigun; Taherzadeh, Mohammad J.

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2012.12.021

Cited by 60 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…SASs was found to contain after extraction 51.45 ± 3.92% (w/w) oil. The oil content of SASs is similar to those of Siberian apricot (51.15 ± 7.12%), Moringa oleifera (51%), palm kernel (50%) and egusi melon (51%), and much higher than those of soybean (17%), cotton (15%) and tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) (16%) (Wang 2013;Ishola et al, 2013;Aliyu et al, 2013;Ofoefule et al, 2013;Pinto et al, 2005). The acid value of sweet almond seed oil (SASO) was determined to be 0.38 mg KOH/g after pretreating the oil because the initial acid value (2.45 mg KOH/g) was slightly higher than the value (≤2 mg KOH/g) recommended for direct base-catalyzed transesterification.…”

Section: Oil Content Acid Value and Biodiesel Yieldmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…These impacts are caused by rising CO 2 levels and other products of fossil fuel combustion (Ishola et al, 2013). They have affected rainfall patterns resulting in excessive rainfall and drought.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nigeria, a major petroleum producing and exporting nation is also embarking on biofuel projects in order to join the league of nations in benefitting from the advantages gained by the use of biofuels (Ishola et al, 2013). These projects involve the blending of up to 10% bioethanol with gasoline to achieve an E10 blend and a 20% blend of biodiesel with petro-diesel to make a B20 blend (Ishola et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include; palm oil (Izah and Ohimain, 2013), palm kernel oil (Alamu et al, 2008), egusi melon oil (Giwa, et al, 2010), coconut oil (Alamu et al 2010), tigernut (Ofoefule et al, 2013), African mango nut oil (Bello et al, 2011) and Moringa oleifera (Aliyu et al, 2013). Of all the oil-bearing crops prevalent in the country, palm kernel, groundnut and oil palm are the most abundant and this informed their selection as the preferred feedstocks for biodiesel production in the country's biofuel projects (Ishola et al, 2013). However, this is accomplished at the expense of the food use of these traditional oils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus “dulcis”) seeds as a potential feedstock for Nigerian Biodiesel Automotive Project

Giwa¹,

Ogunbona²

2014

Rev. ambiente água

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This work presents sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus "dulcis") seed oil (SASO) as a non-conventional feedstock for the preparation of biodiesel in Nigeria, rather than the traditional oils of palm, groundnut and palm kernel. SASO was extracted via the solvent method, pretreated to reduce the acid value, and transesterified using methanol (solvent) and sodium hydroxide (catalyst). The oil content and acid value of SASO were 51.45 ± 3.92% and 1.07 mg KOH/g, respectively. The fatty acid composition of SASO reveals the predominance of oleic acid (69.7%), linoleic acid (18.2%) and palmitic acid (9.3%). Specific fuel properties of sweet almond oil methyl esters (SAOME) were determined using standard test methods and were found to satisfy both EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 biodiesel standards; the cold flow properties were particularly outstanding (cloud point; -3ºC and pour point; -9ºC). SASO appears to offer great promise as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production in Nigeria.Keywords: sweet almond seeds, fuel properties, transesterification, oil, biodiesel, Nigeria. Sementes de amêndoa doce (Prunus amygdalus "dulcis") como uma matéria-prima potencial para o Projeto Nigeriano de Biodiesel Automotive RESUMOEste trabalho apresenta o óleo de semente (SASO) de amêndoa doce (Prunus Amygdalus "dulcis") como matéria-prima não convencional para a preparação de biodiesel na Nigéria em adição aos óleos tradicionais de amendoim e dendê. O SASO foi extraído usando o método de solvente, pré-tratado para reduzir o índice de acidez e transesterificado usando metanol (solvente) e hidróxido de sódio (catalisador). O teor de óleo e o valor ácido do SASO foram 51,45 ± 3,92% e 1,07 mg de KOH/g, respectivamente. A composição de ácidos graxos do SASO revela a predominância de ácido oleico (69,7%), ácido linoleico (18,2%) e ácido palmítico (9,3%). As propriedades combustíveis específicas de ésteres metílicos do óleo de amêndoa doce (SAOME) foram determinadas utilizando métodos de ensaio normalizados e satisfizeram tanto as normas de biodiesel EN 14214 e ASTM D6751, especialmente as 38 Solomon Giwa et al.Rev. Ambient. Água vol. 9 n. 1 Taubaté -Jan. / Mar. 2014 propriedades de fluxo a frio foram excelentes (ponto de nuvem; -3ºC e ponto de fluidez; -9ºC). Conclusivamente, o SASO parece ser uma matéria-prima potencial para produção de biodiesel na Nigéria. Palavra-chave: sementes de amêndoa doce, propriedades de combustível, transesterificação, petróleo, biodiesel, Nigéria.

show abstract

Section: Oil Content Acid Value and Biodiesel Yieldmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus “dulcis”) seeds as a potential feedstock for Nigerian Biodiesel Automotive Project

Giwa¹,

Ogunbona²

2014

Rev. ambiente água

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“…Recently, the development of a clean, renewable and sustainable energy system has been started and became popular in many countries [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. The depletion anxiety of fossil fuel source and increasing level of air pollution caused by combustion of fossil fuel from transportation or industrial sector lead engineers and scientists to anticipate it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of 2nd Generation Bioethanol Derived from Empty-fruit-bunch (EFB) of Oil-palm on Performance and Exhaust Emission of SI Engine

Putrasari

Abimanyu

Praptijanto

et al. 2014

J. Mechatron. Electr. Power Veh. Technol.

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The experimental investigation of 2nd generation bioethanol derived from EFB of oil-palm blended with gasoline for 10, 20, 25% by volume and pure gasoline were conducted on performance and exhaust emission tests of SI engine. A four stroke, four cylinders, programmed fuel injection (PGMFI), 16 valves variable valve timing and electronic lift control (VTEC), single overhead camshaft (SOHC), and 1,497 cm 3 SI engine (Honda/L15A) was used in this investigation. Engine performance test was carried out for brake torque, power, and fuel consumption. The exhaust emission was analyzed for carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC). The engine was operated on speed range from1,500 until 4,500 rev/min with 85% throttle opening position. The results showed that the highest brake torque of bioethanol blends achieved by 10% bioethanol content at 3,000 to 4,500 rpm, the brake power was greater than pure gasoline at 3,500 to 4,500 rpm for 10% bioethanol, and bioethanol-gasoline blends of 10 and 20% resulted greater bsfc than pure gasoline at low speed from 1,500 to 3,500 rpm. The trend of CO and HC emissions tended to decrease when the engine speed increased.

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Towards Commercialization of Third‐Generation Biofuel Industry for Sustainable Energy Production in Nigeria

Shiru

2021

ChemBioEng Reviews

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Due to the potential depletion of fossil fuels and the need for the shift from its use to combat the aggravated impacts of climate change, the unsustainable use of these conventional fuels has been widely recognized. This has prompted commercialization of biofuels as an alternative sustainable fuel. This study summarizes the potential of third-generation biomass feedstocks, algae, for biofuel production on the example of Nigeria, where most biofuel plants still use first-and second-generation feedstocks, which have led to food and land mass competition. It is shown that the production and consumption of third-generation biofuel is at its infancy in the coun-try. It was also found that the climatic conditions in Nigeria are conducive for the cultivation of microalgae, which are the primary sources of the third-generation biofuel, even though there are barriers such as inadequate reliable resource database for investment decisions and technical expertise to develop and deploy biofuels in commercial form. The large population of Nigeria is a potential market for biofuel, therefore, commercialization of the third-generation biofuel can be a viable alternative energy source to conventional fossil fuels and it can generate employment for many in the country.

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Biofuels in Nigeria: A critical and strategic evaluation

Cited by 60 publications

References 47 publications

Sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus “dulcis”) seeds as a potential feedstock for Nigerian Biodiesel Automotive Project

Sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus “dulcis”) seeds as a potential feedstock for Nigerian Biodiesel Automotive Project

Experimental Investigation of 2nd Generation Bioethanol Derived from Empty-fruit-bunch (EFB) of Oil-palm on Performance and Exhaust Emission of SI Engine

Towards Commercialization of Third‐Generation Biofuel Industry for Sustainable Energy Production in Nigeria

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