Biofuels derived from Turkish industry wastes—a study of performance and emissions in a diesel engine

Abstract

Recently, research has focused on the biofuel production from local industrial wastes due to the risk of greenhouse emissions derived from land-use change (both directly and indirectly) of conventional feedstock and the social concern about the effect of conventional biofuel production on oil prices and its availability (the so-called food vs. fuel debate). Therefore, with the aim to evaluate the use of biofuels derived from wastes from traditional manufacturing industries in Turkey, biodiesel fuels from leather fat, obtained as a by-product in the leather industry, waste anchovy fish oil, derived from the fish-processing industry, and waste frying cottonseed oil achieved from food industry, have been tested in a three-cylinder DI diesel engine at a steady-state condition. In a previous work, the viability of these fuels was evaluated by analyzing measured and estimated properties and indicators for main diesel emissions, and recommendations were made on their alternative use to conventional biodiesels with the benefit of potentially lower life-cycle greenhouse emissions. The experimental results, which were compared with ULSD operation, demonstrated that the engine performance was not significantly affected, while a substantial change in emissions was observed with the use of biofuels. In general, the emission results reported here are in a similar range to those obtained with the use of conventional biodiesel fuels. Nonetheless, the exact magnitude of these changes depended upon the biodiesel origin. Lubricity of alternative biofuels was also tested, revealing an enormous capacity for protecting the fuel system from wear, in line with conventional biodiesel fuels.

Geleneksel Dizel ve IBE Yakıtlı Bir Common-Rail Dizel Motorun Yanma ve Emisyonları Üzerinde Karışım Oranı ve Püskürtme Zamanının Etkisi

“…For example, EU increased the share of renewable energy sources (great majority is expected to be biofuels) to 10% in transportation in 2020 [6]. Biodiesel, which is the one of most used and researched biofuel in diesel engines, can be produced from oilseed plants such as sun-flower, canola, soya, aspire, cotton and from waste oils and fats [7] and biodiesel exhibits similar properties to petroleum-based diesel fuels in terms of physical and chemical features [8]. The cetane number of biodiesel is generally higher than conventional diesel; and biodiesel contains molecular oxygen, which enhances the combustion producing lesser emissions than petroleum diesel [9].…”

Selection of the Most Suitable Alternative Fuel Depending on the Fuel Characteristics and Price by the Hybrid MCDM Method

“…Among the biodiesels, the results of the average wear scars produced by HFRR reveal that neat animal tallow biodiesel display slightly enhanced lubricity over biodiesels from canola oil and blended feedstocks [48]. Exclusively, biodiesel fuels have excellent lubricity, and just 1-2% biodiesel content in a diesel blend can increase the lubricity to an reasonable level [49]. Since the lubricity does not change linearly with the fuel mixture ratios, the value of this criterion is subjectively determined using a 1-9 scoring scale.…”

Experimental study on reduction of pollutant emissions in reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine fueled with diesel/gasoline fuels

“…In this context, studies such as the use of alternative fuels, exhaust after treatment systems and advanced combustion concepts have been carried out. Among these, alternative fuels especially bio fuels have been extensively researched and applied in internal combustion engines with promising results in emissions and a high amount of literature presented the significant benefits for using biodiesel and alcohol fuels in diesel engines [1][2][3]. On the other hand, the importance of studies on the reduction of emissions with exhaust after treatment systems has increased due to the increasingly tighter emission standards [4].…”