Biofuels and thermal barrier: A review on compression ignition engine performance, combustion and exhaust gas emission

Abstract

The performance of an internal combustion engine is affected when renewable biofuels are used instead of fossil fuels in an unmodified engine. Various engine modifications were experimented by the researchers to optimise the biofuels operated engine performance. Thermal barrier coating is one of the techniques used to improve the biofuels operated engine performance and combustion characteristics by reducing the heat loss from the combustion chamber. In this study, engine tests results on performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of the biofuels operated thermal barrier coated engines were collated and reviewed. The results found in the literature were reviewed in three scenarios: (i) uncoated versus coated engine for fossil diesel fuel application, (ii) uncoated versus coated engine for biofuels (and blends) application, and (iii) fossil diesel use on uncoated engine versus biofuel (and blends) use on coated engine. Effects of injection timing, injection pressure and fuel properties on thermal barrier coatings were also discussed. The material type, thickness and properties of the coating materials used by the research community were presented. The effectiveness and durability of the coating layer depends on two key properties: low thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion coefficient. The current study showed that thermal barrier coatings could potentially offset the performance drop due to use of biofuels in the compression ignition engines. Improvements of up to 4.6% in torque, 7.8% in power output, 13.4% in brake specific fuel consumption, 15.4% in brake specific energy consumption and 10.7% in brake thermal efficiency were reported when biofuels or biofuel blends were used in the thermal barrier coated engines as compared to the uncoated engines. In coated engines, peak cylinder pressure and exhaust gas temperature were increased by up to 16.3 bar and 14% respectively as compared to uncoated condition. However, changes in the heat release rates were reported to be between-27% and +13.8% as compared to uncoated standard engine. Reductions of CO, CO2, HC and smoke emissions were reported by up to 3.8%, 11.1%, 90.9% and 63% respectively as compared to uncoated engines. Significant decreases in the PM emissions were also reported due to use of thermal barrier coatings in the combustion chamber. In contrast, at high speed and at high load operation, increase in the CO and CO2 emissions were also reported in coated engines. Coated engines gave higher NOx emissions by about 4-62.9% as compared to uncoated engines. Combined effects of thermal barrier coatings and optimisation of fuel properties and injection parameters produced further performance and emissions advantages compared to only thermal barrier coated engines. Overall, current review study showed that application of thermal barrier coatings in compression ignition engines could be beneficial when biofuels or biofuel blends are used instead of standard fossil diesel. However, more research is needed combining coatings, types of bio...

The Impact of Powering an Engine with Fuels from Renewable Energy Sources including its Software Modification on a Drive Unit Performance Parameters

“…An analysis of the state of knowledge in the studied area shows that the use of biofuels to power self-ignition engines causes reduction of exhaust emission components discharged to the natural environment [28,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. The tests of real transport objects for the engine factory settings confirm power and torque decrease and reduction in the amount of exhaust components [9,43,44,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. The literature provides no information on the research into internal combustion engines powered with diesel oil and fatty acid methyl esters in different proportions for different fuel injection controller settings, nor an adequate model for an assessment method of the impact of use of biocomponent additive in diesel oil.…”

Dizel Bir Motorda Al2O3 İlaveli Cr2O3 Termal Bariyer Kaplamaların Egzoz Emisyonlarına Etkisi

“…Yanma odası elemanlarının seramik malzeme ile kaplanmasıyla, silindirler içerisindeki sıcaklıklar yükselmekte motor verimliliği, ısı salınım oranı, özgül yakıt sarfiyatını iyileştirirken, emisyonların azaltılmasında hayati bir rol oynamaktadır [7,8].…”

Unaccounted Heat Distribution in a Variable Compression Ratio Internal Combustion Engine

“…Vegetable oils are merely on the market in rural regions, are renewable, have a moderately excessive cetane selection will be utilized in diesel engines with convenient changes and should even be with ease mixed with diesel throughout the neat and esterified (Biodiesel) forms. Jatropha oil, Karanji oil, vegetable oil, vegetable oil, oil and neem tree oil are a number of the vegetable oils which could be used as fuels in burning engines [4]. The biodiesel from the higher than mentioned vegetation, behave during a totally different methodology in diesel engines in phrases of overall performance, emission and combustion.…”