Biofortification with selenium and implications in the absorption of macronutrients in Raphanus sativus L.

Soós

et al. 2021

Plants

A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se and monitoring the Se uptake and accumulation dynamics within four consecutive harvests within the same growing season. Two ionic Se forms, i.e., sodium selenate (Se (VI)) and sodium selenite (Se (IV)), were applied once at a rate of 1, 10, and 50 mg kg−1 (added on Se basis), while 10 and 50 mg L−1 of a red elemental Se (red Se0) were used; all Se treatments were added as soil application. Application of Se (VI) at the rate of 50 mg kg−1 was toxic to alfalfa plants. The effect of Se forms on Se accumulation in alfalfa tissues, regardless of the applied Se concentration, follows: Se (VI) > Se (IV) > red Se0. The leaf, in general, possessed higher total Se content than the stem in all the treatments. The accumulation of Se in stem and leaf tissues showed a gradual decline between the harvests, especially for plants treated with either Se (VI) or Se (IV); however, the chemically synthesized red Se0 showed different results. The treatment of 10 mg kg−1 Se (VI) resulted in the highest total Se content in stem (202.5 and 98.0 µg g−1) and leaf (643.4 and 284.5 µg g−1) in the 1st and 2nd harvests, respectively. Similar tendency is reported for the Se (IV)-treated plants. Otherwise, the application of red Se0 resulted in a lower Se uptake; however, less fluctuation in total Se content between the four harvests was noticed compared to the ionic Se forms. The Se forms in stem and leaf of alfalfa extracted by water and subsequently by protease XIV enzyme were measured by strong anion exchange (SAX) HPLC-ICP-MS. The major Se forms in our samples were selenomethionine (SeMet) and Se (VI), while neither selenocysteine (SeCys) nor Se (IV) was detected. In water extract, however, Se (VI) was the major Se form, while SeMet was the predominant form in the enzyme extract. Yet, Se (VI) and SeMet contents declined within the harvests, except in stem of plants treated with 50 mg L−1 red Se0. The highest stem or leaf SeMet yield %, in all harvests, corresponded to the treatment of 50 mg L−1 red Se0. For instance, 63.6% (in stem) and 38.0% (in leaf) were calculated for SeMet yield % in the 4th harvest of plants treated with 50 mg L−1 red Se0. Our results provide information about uptake and accumulation dynamics of different ionic Se forms in case of multiple-harvested alfalfa, which, besides being a good model plant, is an important target plant species in green biorefining.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake Dynamics of Ionic and Elemental Selenium Forms and Their Metabolism in Multiple-Harvested Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Soós

et al. 2021

Plants

“…These vegetables are important in biofortification programs due to their importance for human health and short growth period (Table 3). Several vegetable crops have already been used in biofortification programs, including vegetables enriched in Se such as tomato [150,151], potato [85,94,120], lettuce [91,126,152], onion [153], garlic [154,155], cabbage [139], carrot, broccoli [156,157], asparagus [158], radish [66,159,160], and spinach [30,158]. NFT or dry hydroponic method, salicylic acid applied at 0.1 mg•L −1 may increase the leaf content of selenomethionine under enrichment with I and Se Abbreviation: NFT (nutrient film technique).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium and Nano-Selenium Biofortification for Human Health: Opportunities and Challenges

et al. 2020

Selenium is an essential micronutrient required for the health of humans and lower plants, but its importance for higher plants is still being investigated. The biological functions of Se related to human health revolve around its presence in 25 known selenoproteins (e.g., selenocysteine or the 21st amino acid). Humans may receive their required Se through plant uptake of soil Se, foods enriched in Se, or Se dietary supplements. Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have been applied to biofortified foods and feeds. Due to low toxicity and high efficiency, Se-NPs are used in applications such as cancer therapy and nano-medicines. Selenium and nano-selenium may be able to support and enhance the productivity of cultivated plants and animals under stressful conditions because they are antimicrobial and anti-carcinogenic agents, with antioxidant capacity and immune-modulatory efficacy. Thus, nano-selenium could be inserted in the feeds of fish and livestock to improvise stress resilience and productivity. This review offers new insights in Se and Se-NPs biofortification for edible plants and farm animals under stressful environments. Further, extensive research on Se-NPs is required to identify possible adverse effects on humans and their cytotoxicity.

“…Zahedi et al (2019), reportan un aumento del 18,24 % en la capacidad antioxidante en granada (Punica granatum) debido a la aplicación foliar de Se. De la misma manera, se reportó un aumento en la capacidad antioxidante de las semillas y plántulas de tomate cuando se aplicó Se por una solución nutritiva y por aspersión foliar (de los Santos-Vázquez et al, 2016) (da Silva et al, 2020). This study has demonstrated the ability of grapevine to accumulate Se in the edible part, from the smallest dose applied to the one with the highest concentration, which leaves open the possibility of including this plant species for future biofortification programs.…”

Section: Selenium Concentration In Fruitsunclassified

Foliar fertilization of sodium selenite and its effects on yield and nutraceutical quality in grapevine

et al. 2021

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans, but in plants, this essentiality has not been demonstrated. However, the supplementation of Se in crops has been shown to improve the yield and the quality of the edible part. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of Se foliar fertilization on yield, nutraceutical quality and Se accumulation in grape. Five doses of Se (Na2SeO3 at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 mg.L-1) and a control were evaluated. The results obtained showed that the application in low doses of Se increased the yield; high doses increase nutraceutical quality and induced the accumulation of Se in grapes. In conclusion, the grapevine is a crop with the potential to be biofortified and improve the quality of grape.