Biofilms in water, its role and impact in human disease transmission

Huq, Anwar; Whitehouse, Chris A.; Grim, Christopher J.; Alam, Munirul; Colwell, Rita R.

doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2008.04.005

Cited by 87 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In aquatic environments, bacteria rarely exist in a free-floating planktonic state. Bacteria are predominantly found in complex surfaceassociated microbial communities known as biofilms (Huq et al 2008). A biofilm consists of surface-attached bacteria enclosed in a self-produced extracellular polymeric substance matrix (Costerton et al 1999), which provides the bacteria with protection against host defences and antimicrobial drugs (Sundell & Wiklund 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-surface properties of Vibrio ordalii strains isolated from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Chilean farms

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-surface properties of Vibrio ordalii strains isolated from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Chilean farms

et al. 2015

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“…Reversion back to the culturable, infectious phase is triggered by favorable environmental factors such as increased water temperature, pH, seawater nutrients, and decrease in salinity. [7][8][9] The same environmental factors facilitate proliferation of copepods and free-living V. cholerae populations, resulting in large and sudden increases in environmental Vibrio numbers. [8][9][10][11] Three marine environmental variables, sea surface height (SSH), sea surface temperature (SST), and ocean chlorophyll concentration (OCC), have shown to be predictive of cholera outbreaks in Kolkata, India; Matlab, Bangladesh; and Hue, Vietnam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Variability and the Outbreaks of Cholera in Zanzibar, East Africa: A Time Series Analysis

Reyburn¹,

Kim²,

Emch³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Global cholera incidence is increasing, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. We examined the impact of climate and ocean environmental variability on cholera outbreaks, and developed a forecasting model for outbreaks in Zanzibar. Routine cholera surveillance reports between 1997 and 2006 were correlated with remotely and locally sensed environmental data. A seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model determined the impact of climate and environmental variability on cholera. The SARIMA model shows temporal clustering of cholera. A 1°C increase in temperature at 4 months lag resulted in a 2-fold increase of cholera cases, and an increase of 200 mm of rainfall at 2 months lag resulted in a 1.6-fold increase of cholera cases. Temperature and rainfall interaction yielded a significantly positive association (P < 0.04) with cholera at a 1-month lag. These results may be applied to forecast cholera outbreaks, and guide public health resources in controlling cholera in Zanzibar.

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“…In addition, it has been found to be involved in the regulation of many bacterial virulence factors (13). From this, we hypothesized that the stringent response may have a role in regulating V. cholerae biofilm formation, particularly when V. cholerae is forming biofilms in aquatic environments, where there may be low nutrient availability (34). In order to test our hypothesis, we constructed relA, relV, relA spoT, relA relV, and relA spoT relV mutants to characterize the effects of (p)ppGpp on biofilm formation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stringent Response Regulation of Biofilm Formation in Vibrio cholerae

Cooper

Mishra

et al. 2012

J Bacteriol

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Biofilm formation is a key factor in Vibrio cholerae environmental survival and host colonization. Production of biofilm enables V. cholerae to survive and persist in aquatic environments and aids in the passage through the gastric acid barrier to allow access to the small intestine. The genes involved in biofilm formation are regulated by the transcriptional activators vpsR and vpsT , which are in turn transcriptionally regulated by a number of environmental signals. In this study, the role of the stringent response in biofilm formation was examined. V. cholerae mutants deficient in stringent response had a reduced ability to form biofilms, although they were not completely deficient in biofilm formation. There are three (p)ppGpp synthases in V. cholerae : RelA, SpoT, and RelV. All three synthases were necessary for vpsR transcription, with RelV showing the strongest effect. RelA was the only synthase that was necessary for vpsT expression. Stringent response regulation of vpsR and vpsT was shown to partially occur through rpoS . Biofilm formation in V. cholerae is controlled by a complex regulatory apparatus, with negative regulators of biofilm gene expression, such as quorum sensing, and positive regulators of biofilm genes, including stringent response, interacting to ensure that biofilm formation is coordinated with the environment.

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Biofilms in water, its role and impact in human disease transmission

Cited by 87 publications

References 17 publications

Cell-surface properties of Vibrio ordalii strains isolated from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Chilean farms

Cell-surface properties of Vibrio ordalii strains isolated from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Chilean farms

Climate Variability and the Outbreaks of Cholera in Zanzibar, East Africa: A Time Series Analysis

Stringent Response Regulation of Biofilm Formation in Vibrio cholerae

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