Biofilm-Producing Ability and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Pathogenic Strains of Aeromonas hydrophila

Abstract

Background: Interconnection among bacteria and other infectious agents can transfer the genetic elements such as antibiotic resistance genes. Biofilm or such an established structure could worsen when pathogenic bacteria are in the community. The recognition of bacterial behaviors and characteristics in biofilm community or planktonic forms such as antibiotic resistance spreading is an important and essential matter. Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the correlation between biofilm-producing ability and antibiotic resistance patterns in some pathogenic strains of Aeromonas hydrophila. Methods: In this study, 19 strains of A. hydrophila isolated from infected carps with septicemia were identified by culture and biochemical tests. The isolated strains suspected as A. hydrophila were confirmed by duplex-PCR at both genus and species levels. The biofilm-producing ability of the confirmed isolates was evaluated by the microtiter plate crystal violet method. Antibiogram was designed for isolates by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: All the strains were positive for biofilm production ability. Moderate and strong biofilm-producing abilities were detected in 79% and 21% of the isolates, respectively. The majority of the strains (90%) were resistant to clindamycin and vancomycin and all the strains (100%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions: Strong biofilm-producing strains were resistant to 75% of the studied antibiotics but moderate biofilm-producing strains had different susceptibility rates to the studied antibiotics. An important correlation was detected between the biofilmproducing level (moderate and strong) and antibiotic resistance against tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and amoxicillin. Because of the different ways of resistance acquisition in biofilm-producing bacteria, more studies are needed for understanding the main route.

Association Between Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Production of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Beef and Mutton in Duhok Abattoir

“…The broad use and misuse of antibiotics are important factors in the increased incidence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in food posing a risk to consumers [27]. The isolates obtained in our study showed strong resistance to Cephalothin, Amoxicillin, and Tetracycline while the intermediate resistance were to Streptomycin, Erythromycin and Gentamycin, the largest number of the isolates were sensitive to Nitrofurantoin, Chloramphenicol, Cefixime, Trimethoprim, Ciprofloxacin, and Ceftriaxone, these findings are nearly in line with the results reported by Moori-Bakhtiari et al [48] who found that (100%) of A. hydrophila strains were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin and Trimethoprim, while Dias et al [54] reported that (100%) of A. hydrophila isolates obtained from different animal samples were resistant to Ciprofloxacin, the variations in the findings could be attributed to the differences of the samples types and Aeromonas strains. A study conducted by Yang et al [44] aimed to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of A. hydrophilia from grass carp in China, the authors found that most strains were resistant to Ampicillin (95.24%) and Tetracycline (88.89%), these results are strongly agreed with our findings, while we found opposite results regarding susceptibility to Streptomycin since they found that (79.37%) were resistance to Streptomycin.…”

“…The results revealed that 90.23% of the examined isolates were capable to form biofilms and classified in terms of biofilm productivity as strong, intermediate and weak biofilm producers, this percentage is lower than results reported in previous studies by Moori-Bakhtiari et al [48] and Mohamed et al [49] who found that (100%) and (96%) of the isolates respectively are biofilm producers at different levels (strong, intermediate and weak). The biofilm formation ability of A. hydrophila and its relation to antibiotics susceptibility was evaluated, the results revealed that strong biofilm producer isolates were also resistant to 25% of the antibiotics used in the study (Cephalothin, Amoxicillin and Tetracycline).…”

Antibiotic resistance and virulence factor gene profile of A. hydrophila isolated from carp (Cyprinidae) suspected with hemorrhagic septicemia in Gilan, Iran

“…The high resistance to these antibiotics in A. hydrophila strains might be due to long-term and frequent use of these antibiotics in Iran's aquaculture farms with prophylactic's treatments or therapeutic treatments in fish. Similarly, previous studies have reported a high resistance to these antibiotics in aeromonads recovered from fish (Stratev and Odeyemi 2016;Yang et al 2017Yang et al , 2018Moori Bakhtiari et al 2019;Zdanowicz et al 2020). These studies show the MDR Aeromonas spp.…”

Nature-Inspired Antimicrobial Surfaces and Their Potential Applications in Food Industries

“…Has been reported in produce and seafood industries, leading to product contamination, food poisoning, and zoonotic diseases. [58][59][60] Listeria monocytogenes Dairy, meat, fish, chilled vegetables, and ready-to-eat products have been known to be affected. Contamination leads to listeriosis outbreaks and therefore recalls.…”