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Background. The aims of the current study are the identification of O157 and non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups isolated from fresh raw beef meat samples in an industrial slaughterhouse, determination of antimicrobial resistance patterns, and genetic linkage of STEC isolates. Materials and Methods. A total of 110 beef samples were collected from the depth of the rump of cattle slaughtered at Hamadan industrial slaughterhouse. After detection of E. coli isolates, STEC strains were identified according to PCR for stx1, stx2, eaeA, and hlyA virulence genes, and STEC serogroups (O157 and non-O157) were identified by PCR. The genetic linkage of STEC isolates was analyzed by the ERIC- (Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-) PCR method. The antimicrobial susceptibility of STEC isolates was detected by the disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Results. Among 110 collected beef samples, 77 (70%) were positive for E. coli. The prevalence of STEC in E. coli isolates was 8 (10.4%). The overall prevalence of O157 and non-O157 STEC isolates was 12.5% (one isolate) and 87.5% (7 isolates), respectively. The hemolysin gene was detected in 25% (2 isolates) of STEC strains. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance indicated that 100% of STEC isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and cefazolin. Resistance to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin was detected in 62.5% and 12.5% of isolates, respectively. The analysis of the ERIC-PCR results showed five different ERIC types among the STEC isolates. Conclusion. The isolation of different clones STECs from beef and the presence of antibiotic-resistant isolates indicate that more attention should be paid to the hygiene of slaughterhouses.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) supplementation on the developmental competence and quality of parthenogenetic porcine embryos during culture. Parthenogenetic embryos derived from in vitro matured oocytes were cultured for eight days in a modified North Carolina State University (NCSU)-37 solution supplemented with EGCG at different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10 and 50 µM). Supplementation of 1 and 5 µM EGCG during in vitro culture of embryos showed no significant influence on the rate of cleavage or that of blastocyst formation or on the total cell number and DNA fragmentation indices of blastocysts when compared to those of a control group. However, when 10 and 50 µM EGCG were supplemented into the culture medium, the cleavage rates were significantly lower than those of the other groups. No embryo developed to the blastocyst stage. Results suggest that treatment with low EGCG during in vitro culture has no influence on the developmental competence of porcine embryos but the presence of high concentrations of EGCG is apparently harmful for in vitro development of porcine parthenotes.

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Significance and Impact of the Study: Hemorrhagic septicemia is one of the most important diseases affecting the aquaculture industry, and the aeromonads are known as main causative agent of hemorrhagic septicemia in carp. This study revealed a high frequency of multi-drug resistance (MDR) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) among the Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from carp suspected with hemorrhagic septicemia, and highlighted the role of contaminated carp as reservoirs for more virulent and MDR isolates, which can represent a potential significant public health risk via seafood-borne infections. Also, the incidence of integrons in these isolates suggests the possibile role of transposable elements in the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and VFGs between bacteria.

The aim of this study was to determine the uterine bacteria in cows with endometritis and to compare other characteristics in cases of endometritis without bacterial growth, with Trueperella pyogenes (Arcanobacterium pyogenes) or other bacteria. In total, 86 Holstein cows with postpartum endometritis from 13 commercial dairy herds were sampled once between 21-35 days postpartum. We used several diagnostic techniques for endometritis such as external observation, vaginal exam, rectal palpation, ultrasonography, and cervical and uterine cytological examination. Clear mucus with flakes of pus (E1), mucopurulent discharge (E2), and purulent discharge (E3) are three groups of endometritis. A transcervical double-guarded swab was used for bacterial sampling. The samples were cultured aerobic and anaerobically and biochemical tests were used for differentiation.

Migration of Ascaris lumbricoides through the papilla of Vater in humans, and entry into the biliary tree, is well-recognised. Ascaris suum and Toxocara vitulorum have been recovered from the liver of swine and buffalo. We necropsied a Persian Kurdish filly at age 6 months, weighing ∼100 kg. Death evidently was caused by oleander (Nerium oleander) intoxication. An 8-cm adult male Parascaris was found at the lobar-left hepatic bile duct junction. We suggest that the nematode entered anteriorly into the hepatic tree, via the duodenum, major duodenal papilla, bile duct, left hepatic duct and finally the lobar duct. Considering the brief 4-h elapsed time between death and necropsy, and the 18-cm distance from the major duodenal papilla to the location of the parasite, we conclude that entry into the biliary tree likely occurred ante-mortem. We advise consideration of Parascaris infection in differential diagnosis of equine hepatic and pancreatic dysfunction.