Biofilm/membrane filtration for reclamation and reuse of rural wastewaters

Abstract

To cost-effectively meet water quality and quantity requirements for rural areas, the objective of this research was to evaluate the performances of a three-stage process of anaerobic-oxic-anoxic biofilm filtration (AOBF) and membrane filtration (MF) processes and to assess the potential for reclamation and reuse of blended wastewater contained domestic wastewater, black water, and landfill leachate. The AOBF process at < LV 30 m/day showed good removal results of > 90% for conventional pollutants (> 75% for COD) and > 70% for nutrient. Influent step-feeding with 0.8Q into filter bed 1 and 0.2Q into filter bed 2 achieved denitrification efficiency of 5-10% higher than without step feed. Efficiencies of plate membrane removal were greater than 90% for COD and more than approximate 75% for nutrients and heavy metals, respectively. The AOBF/MF system showed excellent removal results of > 90-95% for soluble nutrients as well as nonsoluble fractions such as TSS, particulate COD. The effluent of AOBF/MF system met the reuse standard for industrial and agricultural water, while effluent of AOBF met the standard for the effluent quality of wastewater treatment plants. These results indicate that the AOBF/MF system was suitable for rural integrated wastewater treatment by achieving cost-effectively an effluent quality able to be used for industrial, agricultural and water bodies recharge purposes.

Wastewater reclamation and reuse in China: Opportunities and challenges

“…The results of Hyun and Lee (2009) showed the removal efficiencies of 95% for heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr and Pb under optimal operating conditions after a series of anaerobic-oxic-anoxic biofilm filtration (AOBF) and membrane filtration processes, and the final concentrations of all heavy metals were suitable for the agricultural irrigation. The field treatment system (FTS) was also suitable for agricultural irrigation of wastewater reuse, and research results showed the FTS system including granulated ferric hydroxide adsorber, screen filter and UV lamp could remove 76% of As, 80% of Cd and Cu, 88% of Cr and Pb, and up to 97% of Zn (Battilani et al, 2010).…”

Selection Criteria for Water Disinfection Techniques in Agricultural Practices

“…More recently, the research to use biopolymers for coagulation-flocculation purposes has increased as these substances are natural low-cost products, not harmful for the environment and could be used in food processing operations (Renault et al, 2009;Fabris et al, 2010). Furthermore, there is a great amount of available technologies that are used or experimented with to remove COD and turbidity in water treatment including membrane processes, biodegradation (such as sequencing batch reactors, biological aerated filters, and membrane bioreactors), advanced oxidation processes, activated carbon, electrochemical oxidation, electrocoagulation, dissolved air flotation, and others (Stasinakis, 2008;Hyun Lee, 2009;Yoo Hsieh, 2010;Alvarez et al, 2011;Awang et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2011;Esparza-Soto et al, 2011;Gurel Buyukgungor, 2011;Mahvi et al, 2011).…”

Wastewater Reclamation in Major Jordanian Industries: A Viable Component of a Circular Economy

“…Lyu et al ( 2016) discussed all advances in technology by which wastewater may be treated to meet the most stringent quality requirements and be used for any purposes desired [49]. For instance, the technologies applied in wastewater reuse include: (1) oxidants for disinfection purposes using sodium hypochlorite; ultraviolet radiation [80]; and ozone for high bactericidal disinfection [81] and the removal of 90-99% for antibiotics and estrogens [82]; (2) biological treatments such as anaerobic, maturation ponds and constructed wetlands [83][84][85]; (3) physical separations such as membrane filtration for 81% removal of electroconductivity, 83% for Na + , and 80% for Cl − [86]; the removal of 95% of heavy metals [87]; the removal of >89% of pharmaceuticals [88]; (4) electrochemical treatments to completely remove Escherichia coli [89][90][91]; as well as, (5) solar photocatalysis with TiO 2 for >90% removal of emerging pollutants (i.e., pharmaceuticals and personal care products) [92], and removals of 33% for Cd and 75% for Co [93].…”