Wastewater Reclamation in Major Jordanian Industries: A Viable Component of a Circular Economy

Saidan, Motasem N.; Al-Addous, Mohammad; Al‐Weshah, Radwan A.; Obada, Ibrahim; Alkasrawi, Malek; Barbana, Nesrine

doi:10.3390/w12051276

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The experts classified countries as poor in water if the per capita water production is less than 500 cubic meters per year (MWI 2008). Current water demand in Jordan exceeds the limited renewable water resources available in the country (Saidan et al 2020). 77% of the total water budget in Jordan is consumed by agriculture sector according to water budget released by the ministry of water and irrigation in 2017 (MWI 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suitability of reclaimed wastewater effluent from decentralized wastewater plant for irrigation

Hadidi

2021

Appl Water Sci

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Decentralized wastewater plants have been proven to be cost-effective, easy to construct and operate and widely used in small ruler communities. The suitability of reclaimed wastewater for irrigation purpose was evaluated in this study based on the various water quality parameters, international water quality standards and water–irrigation water quality guideline (JS 1766). Twenty-seven samples were collected from a decentralized wastewater plant that is located in Balqa Governorate in Salt city, Jordan. Samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, major anions and cations, as well as biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids. Study results show that water is slightly alkaline in nature. According to Jordanian domestic reclaimed wastewater standard, the use of water for irrigation has a mild-to-moderate degree of restriction. Using the US Salinity Laboratory classification scheme, there is high salinity and medium sodium water, 50% of samples falls in the area of (C3-S2) and this water is suitable for irrigation for many types of soil with low risk of increasing exchangeable sodium content. According to chloride hazards, the water for irrigation can be used for moderately tolerant plants. 74% of the samples have the residual sodium carbonate (RSC) less than 1.25 meq/L and hence suitable for irrigation. The study recommends that treated wastewater from decentralized wastewater a plant is considered as non-conventional source for irrigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jordan has given top priority to the use of reclaimed wastewater in two sectors: industry and agriculture, where this water replaced freshwater, which provided additional quantities to be used for domestic purposes (Saidan et al 2020). 0.95% of the overall quantity of reclaimed wastewater has been used for irrigation (WAJ 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of reclaimed wastewater effluent from decentralized wastewater plant for irrigation

Hadidi

2021

Appl Water Sci

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“…Jordan's population is increasing at a high rate, and the current population is 9.53 million inhabitants. Water consumption, demand, shortages, and treatment impose great challenges to the country [11][12][13]. Due to political and economic crises in the middle east region, Jordan welcomes several refugees with their families.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Solid Waste for Bio-Oil and Char Production in Refugees’ Camp: A Case Study

et al. 2021

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The current research focuses on assessing the potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) conversion into biofuel using pyrolysis process. The MSW samples were taken from Zaatari Syrian Refugee Camp. The physical and chemical characteristics of MSW were studied using proximate and elemental analysis. The results showed that moisture content of MSW is 32.3%, volatile matter (VM) is 67.99%, fixed carbon (FC) content is 5.46%, and ash content is 24.33%. The chemical analysis was conducted using CHNS analyzer and found that the percentage of elements contents: 46% Carbon (C) content, 12% Hydrogen (H2), 2% Nitrogen (N2), 44% Oxygen (O2), and higher heat value (HHV) is 26.14 MJ/kg. The MSW pyrolysis was conducted using tubular fluidized bed reactor (FBR) under inert gas (Nitrogen) at 500 °C with 20 °C/min heating rate and using average particles size 5–10 mm. The products of MSW pyrolysis reaction were: pyrolytic liquid, solid char, and gaseous mixture. The pyrolytic oil and residual char were analyzed using Elemental Analyzer and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of FTIR showed that oil product has considerable amounts of alkenes, alkanes, and carbonyl groups due to high organic compounds contents in MSW. The elemental analysis results showed that oil product content consists of 55% C, 37% O2, and the HHV is 20.8 MJ/kg. The elemental analysis of biochar showed that biochar content consists of 47% C, 49% O2, and HHV is 11.5 MJ/kg. Further research is recommended to study the effects of parameters as reactor types and operating conditions to assess the feasibility of MSW pyrolysis, in addition to the environmental impact study which is necessary to identify and predict the relevant environmental effects of this process.

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“…In terms of water availability, Jordan is rated among the poorest countries in the world. 1 Nowadays, its renewable water supply capacity covers half of its population’s water demand. 2 A potential alternative resource for Jordan is the reuse of wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Cadmium, Copper, and Lead From Water Using Bio-Sorbent From Treated Olive Mill Solid Residue

Mahmoud

Fayed

Ibrahim

et al. 2021

Environ�Health�Insights

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Olive Mill Solid Residue (OMSR) can be utilized as a bio-sorbent in wastewater treatment. Even though several studies on OMSR as a bio-sorbent were carried out, there is still a need to investigate a simple and relatively inexpensive OMSR treatment that increases pollutant removal. In this study; OMSR is used in batch experiments to remove toxic heavy metals from aqueous solutions including Cd2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ ions. The effect of OMSR treatment (untreated; OMSR-U, treated with n-hexane; OMSR-H, and treated with water; OMSR-W) was investigated by chemical oxygen demand and cation exchange capacity. It was confirmed by both tests that OMSR-W was the best treatment. The same result was re-confirmed by batch uptake experiments of the heavy metal ions. Using OMSR-W as a bio-sorbent; the effect of several parameters such as pH, contact time, bio-sorbent concentration, metal ions concentration, and the presence of other metal species were studied to figure their influence on the metal ions uptake. The optimum conditions for single metal systems were found to occur at pH 5.5, an initial metal concentration of 50 mg/L, a shaking time of 60 minutes, a bio-sorbent concentration of 20 g/L. In binary metal ions solutions; Cd2+ uptake was increased in presence of Cu2+ or Pb2+. However, the uptake of Cu2+ and Pb2+ was decreased in presence of other metals. The equilibrium sorption data for single metal systems were described by the Langmuir isotherm model. The highest value of maximum uptake was found for Pb2+ (4.587 mg/g) followed by Cd2+ (4.525 mg/g) and Cu2+ (4.367 mg/g). These results show that OMSR-W, which has a very low economical value, could be used for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals.

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Wastewater Reclamation in Major Jordanian Industries: A Viable Component of a Circular Economy

Cited by 32 publications

References 76 publications

Suitability of reclaimed wastewater effluent from decentralized wastewater plant for irrigation

Suitability of reclaimed wastewater effluent from decentralized wastewater plant for irrigation

Pyrolysis of Solid Waste for Bio-Oil and Char Production in Refugees’ Camp: A Case Study

Removal of Cadmium, Copper, and Lead From Water Using Bio-Sorbent From Treated Olive Mill Solid Residue

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