Bioengineering of Metal-organic Frameworks for Nanomedicine

Abstract

Controlled structure, tunable porosity, and readily chemical functionalizability make metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) a powerful biomedical tool. Nanoscale MOF particles have been increasingly studied as drug carriers, bioimaging agents, and therapeutic agents due to their excellent physiochemical properties. In this review, we start with MOF as a nanocarrier for drug delivery, covering therapeutic MOF agents followed by a comprehensive discussion of surface bioengineering of MOF for improved biostability, biocompatibility, and targeted delivery. Finally, we detail the challenges and prospects of the future of MOF research for biomedical applications.

Recent advances in metallopolymer-based drug delivery systems

“…The construction of MPs is a new strategy for signicantly increase the effectiveness of biomedical materials, in particular, to address current issues of traditional methods of treatment and prophylactics. 48,[114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132] Research on MPs in the biomedical eld is impressive. Materials scientists are designing MPs as innovative solutions to improve the effectiveness of DDSs.…”

Coordination Polymer Frameworks for Next Generation Optoelectronic Devices

“…Based on this, in 1998 Kitagawa classified MOFs into three categories; 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation coordinated network. Among three generations of coordinated networks, 3rd generation coordinated networks were defined to have permanent porosity with structural flexibility [10]. This led to numerous applications and implementation of coordinated networks in the gas storage community.…”

“…The first MOF, MOF-5 or IRMOF-1 (Zn 4 O(BDC) 3 ) reported by Omar M. Yaghi was used in gas adsorption applications accounting to its high surface area of 2900 m 2 /g [5,6]. To date, 80,000 MOFs [7] have been reported owing to its diverse structure, compositions, tunable porosity, specific surface area, [8] ease of functionalization, unsaturated metal sites [9] and biocompatibility [10] . As a result, MOFs were used in a wide range of applications such as gas storage and separation, drug delivery and storage, chemical separation, sensing, catalysis, and bio-imaging [3,7,[11][12][13].…”

Recent advances in fluorescence sensors based on DNA–MOF hybrids

“…Over the past 2 decades, MOFs have received much attention in gas storage, catalysis, sensing and even in biomedicine fields . Particularly, changes in the structure and properties of MOFs will result in changes in fluorescence, so MOF‐based fluorescence probes have been a topic of research.…”

“…To further expand and enrich the structure, properties and functions of MOFs, surface ligand modification has been an area of focus and also a general tool to impart MOFs with more physical and chemical properties. Lipid, peptide and DNA are all attractive surface ligands for MOFs . Among these, due to DNA designable sequence and precise base‐pairing properties, DNA has been a superstar molecule in the field of nanomaterials …”