Bioengineered exosomal-membrane-camouflaged abiotic nanocarriers: neurodegenerative diseases, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

Abstract

A bio-inspired strategy has recently been developed for camouflaging nanocarriers with biomembranes, such as natural cell membranes or subcellular structure-derived membranes. This strategy endows cloaked nanomaterials with improved interfacial properties, superior cell targeting, immune evasion potential, and prolonged duration of systemic circulation. Here, we summarize recent advances in the production and application of exosomal membrane-coated nanomaterials. The structure, properties, and manner in which exosomes communicate with cells are first reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of the types of exosomes and their fabrication methods. We then discuss the applications of biomimetic exosomes and membrane-cloaked nanocarriers in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, imaging, and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we appraise the current challenges associated with the clinical translation of biomimetic exosomal membrane-surface-engineered nanovehicles and evaluate the future of this technology.

Treg-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Roles in Diseases and Theranostics

“…73 EVs have an advantage in nanoscale sizes and membrane extraction procedures. 74 These biomimetic drug delivery systems by EV-coated NPs are proposed to solve the limitations of the original NPs in terms of biological stability, poor targeting, and rapid clearance from the body. Many researches have been devoted to the application of immune cell-derived EVs in nanoparticle envelopment.…”

Exosomal mediators in sepsis and inflammatory organ injury: unraveling the role of exosomes in intercellular crosstalk and organ dysfunction

“…Exosomes have emerged as promising candidates for biomarkers and therapeutic targets across a range of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular conditions [ 25 – 28 ]. In sepsis, exosomes have shown significant potential as biomarkers [ 10 ], a topic we will explore extensively in subsequent sections.…”

Rosacea Topical Treatment and Care: From Traditional to New Drug Delivery Systems

“…Nanotechnology continues to be a sought-out approach to improve drug delivery, including in topical drug administration. Many types of nanosystems have been developed for topical drug administration, mainly for anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious purposes, not only to increase therapeutic efficacy but also as a weapon to fight antimicrobial resistance. − The number of in vitro and in vivo studies regarding this topic recently multiplied, and clinical trials have also been performed evaluating the efficacy of a liposomal polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine hydrogel for the treatment of not only rosacea but also several other types of dermatoses, such as acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, and impetigo contagiosa . Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine’s anti-inflammatory and antiseptic activity was added to the moisturizing, drug encapsulation, and controlled drug delivery capacity of liposomes, and results showed that the Global Clinical Severity score improved for all dermatoses after application of the developed liposomal hydrogel for 4 weeks.…”