Bioengineered 3D nanocomposite based on gold nanoparticles and gelatin nanofibers for bone regeneration: in vitro and in vivo study

Abstract

The main aim of the present study was to fabricate 3D scaffold based on poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/Polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix polymer containing gelatin nanofibers (GNFs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the scaffold for bone tissue engineering application. AuNPs were synthesized via the Turkevich method as the osteogenic factor. GNFs were fabricated by the electrospinning methods and implemented into the scaffold as the extracellular matrix mimicry structure. The prepared AuNPs and Gel nanofibers were composited by PLLA/PCL matrix polymer and converted to a 3D scaffold using thermal-induced phase separation. SEM imaging illustrated the scaffold's porous structure with a porosity range of 80–90% and a pore size range of 80 to 130 µm. The in vitro studies showed that the highest concentration of AuNPs (160 ppm) induced toxicity and 80 ppm AuNPs exhibited the highest cell proliferation. The in vivo studies showed that PCL/PLLA/Gel/80ppmAuNPs induced the highest neo-bone formation, osteocyte in lacuna woven bone formation, and angiogenesis in the defect site. In conclusion, this study showed that the prepared scaffold exhibited suitable properties for bone tissue engineering in terms of porosity, pore size, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and osteoconduction activities.

Trends in Using Gold Nanoparticles for Inducing Cell Differentiation: A Review

“…A year later, the preparation of AuNPs and gelatin nanofibers for bone generation in vivo was demonstrated by Samadian et al They fabricated 3D scaffolds using poly­(lactic acid) (PLLA)/PCL, gel nanofibers (GNFs), and AuNPs. PLLA and PCL acted as the matrix, and the bone ECM was mimicked by GNFs.…”

Selective Detection of an Infection Biomarker by an Osteo-Friend Scaffold: Development of a Multifunctional Artificial Bone Substitute

“…The synergetic effect of CDHA, a material commonly used in osteo-friend scaffolds, and Au NPs on the osteogenic proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells is thought to assist osteogenesis of MG-63 cells [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Prolific cell growth on the Au-scaffold sensor was observed, and the cell attachment was confirmed when SEM images were analyzed ( Figure 5 ).…”

Dual Spinneret Electrospun Polyurethane/PVA-Gelatin Nanofibrous Scaffolds Containing Cinnamon Essential Oil and Nanoceria for Chronic Diabetic Wound Healing: Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization and In-Vitro Evaluation

“…The images were analyzed with image analysis software (ImageJ, National Institutes of Health, Stapleton, NY, USA) to determine the average fiber diameter. The porosity assessment of the prepared NFs was performed by the liquid displacement method using Equation (1), as previously reported [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Briefly, the mats with specific amounts were immersed in a graduated cylinder containing the initial volume of ethanol ( V 1).…”