Dual Spinneret Electrospun Polyurethane/PVA-Gelatin Nanofibrous Scaffolds Containing Cinnamon Essential Oil and Nanoceria for Chronic Diabetic Wound Healing: Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization and In-Vitro Evaluation

Abstract

In this study, a dual spinneret electrospinning technique was applied to fabricate a series of polyurethane (PU) and polyvinyl alcohol–gelatin (PVA/Gel) nanofibrous scaffolds. The study aims to enhance the properties of PU/PVA-Gel NFs loaded with a low dose of nanoceria through the incorporation of cinnamon essential oil (CEO). The as-prepared nCeO2 were embedded into the PVA/Gel nanofibrous layer, where the cinnamon essential oil (CEO) was incorporated into the PU nanofibrous layer. The morphology, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and chemical composition of the produced NF mats were investigated by STEM, DSC, and FTIR. The obtained results showed improvement in the mechanical, and thermal stability of the dual-fiber scaffolds by adding CEO along with nanoceria. The cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that the incorporation of CEO to PU/PVA-Gel loaded with a low dose of nanoceria could enhance the cell population compared to using pure PU/PVA-Gel NFs. Moreover, the presence of CEO could inhibit the growth rate of S. aureus more than E. coli. To our knowledge, this is the first time such nanofibrous membranes composed of PU and PVA-Gel have been produced. The first time was to load the nanofibrous membranes with both CEO and nCeO2. The obtained results indicate that the proposed PU/PVA-Gel NFs represent promising platforms with CEO and nCeO2 for effectively managing diabetic wounds.

Production and Application of Biomaterials Based on Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as Wound Dressing

“…Nanoceria was embedded in a PVA‐gel nanofiber layer, in which cinnamon essential oil was incorporated into a polyurethane nanofiber layer. The addition of cinnamon essential oil along with nanoceria improved the mechanical and thermal stability of the nanofiber dressing [79] …”

“…The addition of cinnamon essential oil along with nanoceria improved the mechanical and thermal stability of the nanofiber dressing. [79]…”

“…For example, Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica (neem), cinnamon essential oil, curcumin, Echinacea purpurea extract, green tea polyphenol, Lactobacillus, Manuka honey, Oliveria decumbens essential oil, propolis, Satureja mutica essential oil, and silk sericine have been successfully loaded into PVA-based composite hydrogel dressings (Figure 6). [32,35,38,[42][43][44]46,52,55,58,70,79,82,86]…”

Advances in the Application of Electrospun Drug-Loaded Nanofibers in the Treatment of Oral Ulcers

“…Nanofibers can be used as dressings for wounds resulting from many different causes, including foot ulcers due to diabetes [ 75 ]. Nanofiber mats containing cinnamon essential oil and nanoparticles are effective for chronic diabetic wound healing [ 76 ]. In addition, nanofibers have great potential as wound sutures [ 77 ].…”

Electrospinning of botanicals for skin wound healing

“…In multi-jet electrospinning, different solution systems are proposed to work simultaneously to promote multi-drug delivery and physical properties of fibrous membranes. As illustrated in the treatment of chronic diabetic ulcers, to enhance mechanical and thermal stabilities of nanofibrous scaffolds loaded with antibacterial cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO 2 ), a dual spinneret electrospinning technique involving fabrications of PVA/gelatin incorporated with nCeO 2 and polyurethane containing cinnamon essential oil was arranged ( Hussein et al, 2022 ). With additions of cinnamon essential oil, the strength of scaffolds was augmented from 5.16 ± 0.41 to 9.12 ± 1.52 MPa, which met the most suitable tensile strength criterion of wound healing ( Cui et al, 2009 ).…”