“…In contrast to single-signal detection, this method has built-in corrections for fluctuations in instrument operation, interference from the sample matrix, variations in the microenvironment around the probe, and changes in the concentration of the probe. Due to these advantages, a ratiometric strategy is extensively implemented in a wide range of analytical techniques, including fluorescence, Raman, absorbance, electrochemistry, and mass spectrometry (Ali et al, 2014;Ke et al, 2015;Li et al, 2015;Peng et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2017;Parrilla et al, 2017;Vargas et al, 2019;Vyas et al, 2019;Njoko et al, 2020;Madhu and Tseng, 2021;Spring et al, 2021;Zhu et al, 2021). Two or more fluorescent dyes and nanomaterials are typically integrated into a ratiometric fluorescence sensing analytical platform.…”