Biodiversity of Reef Fishes in Marine Protected Area of Karimunjawa National Park

Abstract

Karimunjawa National Park (KNP) has a high diversity of coral reef and fish. This study is aimed to analyze the biodiversity of reef fish in KNP. Field survey was conducted in KNP, District of Jepara, Central Java, in April-Juni 2015Keywords: biodiversity, reef fish, Karimunjawa, marine protected area ABSTRAK Taman Nasional Karimunjawa (TNKJ) mempunyai keanekaragaman terumbu karang dan ikan yang tinggi. Tujuan studi ini adalah menganalisis kesehatan habitat dan biodiversitas ikan karang di TNKJ. Penelitian dilakukan di TNKJ Kabupaten Jepara, Jawa Tengah, pada April-Juni 2015. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survei dan observasi. Data primer yang dikumpulkan adalah jumlah individu ikan karang per famili, persentase tutupan karang, kekeruhan, kadar nitrogen (N) total dan PO4. Data sekunder didapatkan dari Balai TNKJ. Penghitungan jumlah individu ikan karang menggunakan belt transect dan pengukuran tutupan karang menggunakan metode line intercept transect (LIT). Biodiversitas ikan karang diukur melalui indikator kelimpahan dan biomassa ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tutupan karang pada tahun 2015 adalah 44,70%. Tutupan karang tertinggi adalah di Taka Malang (zona inti TNKJ) 65,65% dan yang terendah adalah di Nirwana (zona tradisional perikanan) yaitu 35,45%. Kelimpahan ikan pada tahun 2015 didominasi oleh Pomacentridae (60,46%) dengan kelimpahan 14.850 ind/ha, kedua adalah Caesionidae (11,77%) dengan kelimpahan 2.892 ind/ha, ketiga adalah Scaridae (6,27%) dengan kelimpahan 1.540 ind/ha. Biomassa tertinggi tahun 2015 dimiliki oleh Scaridae (122,33 kg/ha), urutan kedua adalah Caesionidae (104,91 kg/ha), dan urutan ketiga adalah Serranidae (50,80 kg/ha). Biodiversitas ikan karang di TNKJ terjaga baik, karena familifamili yang menjadi target utama tangkapan nelayan memiliki kelimpahan dan biomassa yang tinggi.Kata kunci: biodiversitas, ikan karang, Karimunjawa, kawasan konservasi

Coral Reef Community Changes in Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia: Assessing the Efficacy of Management in the Face of Local and Global Stressors

“…Management reviews have led to the park being rezoned twice. The first four zones, established in 1989 based on fishing pressure, were upgraded with the consultation of local stakeholders to an eight zone system in 2005, leading to improved compliance [18,24]. The current six zones were established in 2012 in response to monitoring data (Table 1) [25].…”

“…Fishing pressure on Karimunjawa's reefs has traditionally been intense [15,23]. Seventy-percent of the community are involved in artisanal fishing [24], but the relative proximity of the island group to Java Island, home to more than 60% of the population of Indonesia, also poses a challenge for reef managers [21]. The archipelago continues to be the most important artisanal fishing area in Java Sea region [26] for peri-reefal pelagic fish (70% of the local catch) and reef fish (30%) [21,22].…”

Keanekaragaman Dan Kemiripan Bentuk Profil Terumbu Berdasarkan Ikan Karang Dan Lifeform Karang Di Teluk Depapre Jayapura, Provinsi Papua, Indonesia

“…Selain itu, herbivora juga mempengaruhi perubahan bentik, keanekaragaman herbivora dan pemulihan terumbu karang (Eynaud et al, 2016 (Paulangan, 2018). Hal ini sesuai dengan hasil temuan Campbell and Pardede (2006), dan Yuliana et al (2017), bahwa aktivitas penangkapan mempengaruhi kelimpahan ikan, terutama penggunaan alat tangkap yang tidak ramah lingkungan.…”

Using ecosystem approach indicators for assessing the ecological status of reef fisheries management in a marine protected area

“…At the moment, blue-and-gold fusiliers and highfin groupers are usually caught using spearguns with the help of compressors. If compressors are banned, this could help decrease the exploitation rate (Yuliana et al 2016b).…”

“…MPA and fisheries management have been implemented by the Karimunjawa National Park authority (KNPA) by practicing the zoning system. However, destructive fishing practices and violations of the zonation are still conducted by fishers even though they have been prohibited by KNPA (Campbell et al 2013;KNPA 2013;Yuliana et al 2016a). As a result, the coral cover declined from 2012 to 2013 in the protection zone (from 62.24±9.73 to 55.65±11.74) and the tourism zone (from 60.89±9.96 to 58.51±16.79), and there was also and a peak of the reef fish catch decline in 2009 at 200,875 kg (Muttaqin et al 2013).…”