Biodiesel synthesis from eucalyptus oil by utilizing waste egg shell derived calcium based metal oxide catalyst

Rahman, Wasi Ur; Fatima, Anam; Anwer, Abdul Hakeem; Athar, Manazir; Khan, Mohammad Zain; Khan, Naseem; Halder, Gopinath

doi:10.1016/j.psep.2018.12.015

Cited by 83 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Rashid et al (2019) utilized palm kernel shell as feedstock material for biodiesel production using biochar-based sulphonated zirconium catalyst yielding a fatty acid methyl ester production of 94.3% using only 3 wt% catalyst amount at a reaction temperature and time of 75°C and 3 h respectively. The catalyst has also shown successful reusability over five successive cycles with a conversion efficiency of 80% (Rahman et al, 2018;Rashid et al, 2019).…”

Section: Carbon Based Nanocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biofuels are the end products of a biological fixation process, mainly derived from renewable resources like wood, cellulosic and lignocellulosic material, edible and non-edible products, producing different kinds of biofuels like biohydrogen, bioethanol, biomethanol and biodiesel (Kushwaha et al, 2018Khan et al, 2018). Preceding through generation and covering the basic need in the energy sector via fossil fuels, biofuels on a large scale can minimize pollution and also reduce the depletion of ozone layer.…”

Section: Biofuels: a Sustainable Energy Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biodiesel production using doped CaO nanocatalyst shows increased production under the given optimized reaction parameter of methanol to oil molar ratio (6:1), catalyst amount (5 wt%) and reaction temperature and time of 65°C and 2.5 h respectively. Among these three nanocatalysts, Zn/CaO have shown maximum efficiency in biodiesel production along with its reusability of up to seven consecutive cycles with an approximate corresponding yield of 85% (Rahman et al, 2018). As CaO nanocatalyst is a highly investigated basic catalyst in trans-esterification reaction, it also contributes negatively to the conversion efficiency because of leaching.…”

Section: Metal Oxides-based Nanocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication and Optimization of Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production: An Overview

et al. 2020

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Necessity and exploitation of fossil fuel products are implacable in serving the needs of humanity despite being a finite and limited resource. To meet the thrust of energy, biofuels derived from varieties of renewable resources are imperative in fulfilling the demand of renewable fuels on a large scale without creating environmental concerns. Biofuels are inevitably the result of the carbon fixation process which stores chemical energy, ultimately reducing the total amount of carbon dioxide. Different kinds of biofuels like bioethanol, biomethanol, biogas, and biodiesel are derived depending on varieties of feedstock materials. Among these, production of biodiesel augments the progression of clean and renewable fuel. In this review, we have discussed the production of biodiesel derived from various feedstock and using several processes like pyrolysis, direct blending, micro-emulsion, and trans-esterification, with critical discussion focussing on increasing biodiesel production using nanocatalysts. Biodiesel production mainly proceeds through homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis via trans-esterification method. The review further discusses the significance of nanocatalyst in heterogeneous catalysis based trans-esterification for large scale biodiesel production. With the advent of nanotechnology, designing and modification of nanocatalyst gives rise to attractive properties such as increased surface area, high thermal stability, and enhanced catalytic activity. The role of nanocatalysts have been extensively studied and investigated in regard to the increased biodiesel production. Along with the modification of nanocatalysts, we have briefly discussed the physico-chemical properties and the role of the optimization parameters as it plays a pivotal role in enhancing the biodiesel production commercially.

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Section: Carbon Based Nanocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biofuels: a Sustainable Energy Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Oxides-based Nanocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication and Optimization of Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production: An Overview

et al. 2020

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“…However, the increased production of biodiesel from such food crops has led to the shrinkage of land area originally meant for food crop cultivation, resulting in food-fuel competition [9]. In view of this undesirable impact, the research community has now shifted their focus to explore the feasibility of using non-food crop feedstocks [10,11], biomass [12], and microorganisms [13,14] to produce second-and third-generation biofuels. One of the most highly focused on feedstocks for deriving second-generation biodiesel is waste cooking oil, which is abundant and often disposed of [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic nano-tribological interaction between zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) and methyl oleate for biodiesel-fueled engines

Hamdan

Lee

et al. 2020

Friction

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In biodiesel-fueled compression-ignition (CI) engines, dilution by unburned biodiesel has been found to have adverse effects on the boundary lubrication properties of additives in fully formulated engine lubricants. Such dilution of engine lubricants could be even more pronounced for CI engines running on higher blend concentrations of biodiesel. Given the nanoscopic nature of the interaction, this study seeks to determine the nano-tribological properties of an engine lubricant additive (e.g., zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP)) when diluted with a fatty acid methyl ester (e.g., methyl oleate). Using lateral force microscopy (LFM) together with a fluid imaging technique, the lowest nanoscopic friction forces and coefficient of friction values (0.068–0.085) were measured for ZDDP when diluted with 70 vol% of methyl oleate. These values are also observed to be lower than those measured for neat ZDDP and neat methyl oleate, respectively, under similar conditions. Subsequently, interpreting the data with the Eyring thermal activation energy approach, it could then be elucidated that the lower frictional losses observed for the contact lubricated with this volumetric mixture are a result of the lower potential energy barrier and activation energy required to initiate sliding. These energy values are approximated to be 2.6% and 28.9% (respectively) lower than that of the contact lubricated with neat ZDDP. It was also found that the mixture, at this volumetric concentration, possesses the highest possible pressure activation energy (load-carrying capacity) along with the lowest possible shear activation energy (shearing), potentially indicating optimum tribological conditions for boundary lubrication. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that an optimum concentration threshold exists in which a synergistic nano-tribological interaction between additives and fatty acid methyl esters can be attained, potentially reducing boundary frictional losses of lubricated conjunctions. Such findings could prove to be essential in effectively formulating synergistic additive concentrations for engine lubricants used in biodiesel-fueled CI engines.

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“…%. Recently, Rahman et al209 modified CaO derived from chicken eggshell with transition metals such as Zn and Cu and applied the catalyst in the transformation of eucalyptus oil to FAME. The authors reported that the surface area and basicity of Zn/CaO are higher than the Cu/CaO, therefore Zn/CaO showed better result with 93.2 % FAME yield.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Widely Used Catalysts in Biodiesel Production: A Review

Changmai¹,

Vanlalveni²,

Bhagat³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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<p>An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative renewable source of energy. In this context, biodiesel has attracted attention worldwide as an alternative to fossil fuel for being renewable, non-toxic, biodegradable, carbon-neutral; hence eco-friendly. Despite homogeneous catalyst has its own merits, currently, much attention has been paid to chemically synthesize heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production as it can be tuned as per specific requirement, easily recovered, thus enhance reusability. Recently, biomass-derived heterogeneous catalysts have risen to the forefront of biodiesel productions because of their sustainable, economical and eco-friendly nature. Further, nano and bifunctional catalysts have emerged as a powerful catalyst largely due to their high surface area and potential to convert free fatty acids and triglycerides to biodiesel, respectively. This review highlighted the latest synthesis routes of various types of catalysts including acidic, basic, bifunctional and nanocatalysts derived from different chemicals as well as biomass. In addition, the impacts of different methods of preparation of catalysts on the yield of biodiesel are also discussed in details.</p>

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Biodiesel synthesis from eucalyptus oil by utilizing waste egg shell derived calcium based metal oxide catalyst

Cited by 83 publications

References 32 publications

Fabrication and Optimization of Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production: An Overview

Fabrication and Optimization of Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production: An Overview

Synergistic nano-tribological interaction between zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) and methyl oleate for biodiesel-fueled engines

Widely Used Catalysts in Biodiesel Production: A Review

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