Biodiesel Production by Catalytic Esterification of Oleic Acid over Copper (II)–Alginate Complexes

Mesoporous Ag1(NH4)2PW12O40 heteropolyacids as effective catalysts for the esterification of oleic acid to biodiesel

“…However, the conversion rate decreased when the catalyst amount was increased to above 300 mg, and this phenomenon can be explained because the excess catalyst amount made the slurry viscous on account of the emulsication and more products were adsorbed. 34,35 Therefore, 250 mg was chosen as the optimum catalyst amount and was used for further investigation in the present research.…”

Preparation of Copper (II) Containing Phosphomolybdic Acid Salt as Catalyst for the Synthesis of Biodiesel by Esterification

“…At the reaction temperature of 70 , the conversion was 78.7 . Generally, high temperature exacerbated the methanol vaporization, which was unfavorable to esterification 15 . Based on the above results, the reaction time of 70 was chosen for subsequent optimization.…”

“…Lately, copper II has received much attention and was used in a variety of catalyst formulations. In previous studies, we reported a copper II -alginate acid for the synthesis of methyl oleate and the conversion with 71.8 were obtained 15 . As far as we know, there is no report about copper II containing phosphomolybdic acid PMA were studied for the esterification reaction.…”

Advances in Enzyme and Ionic Liquid Immobilization for Enhanced in MOFs for Biodiesel Production

“…Therefore, MOFs have been employed as support to improve the performance of heterogeneous catalysts [14,49,50,83] due to their high crystallinity, high porosity, and strong interactions in their metal-ligand network [84]. MOFs can be easily prepared with high surface area (5900 m 2 /g) and specific volume (2 cm 3 /g) [36,[84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98].…”