Biodiesel Handling and Use Guide (Fifth Edition)

Alleman, Teresa L.; McCormick, Robert L.; Christensen, Earl; Fioroni, Gina M.; Moriarty, Kristi; Yanowitz, Janet

doi:10.2172/1332064

Cited by 77 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The sulfur content of BGL is highly variable and typically is between 200 and 400 ppm, although we have obtained BGL samples with higher than 500 ppm and as low as 100 ppm (Cairncross et al, ). In agreement with the observations made by He et al (), several researchers have reported that the sulfur content in FAME is less than the sulfur content in the parent oil (Alleman et al, ; Kim et al, ; Ma et al, ; Ragauskas et al, ). BGL typically contains 230–850 ppm S and in most cases, is reduced nearly into half upon transesterification to FAME (Cairncross et al, ; Chakrabarti et al, ; Gardner et al, ; Hums et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In order to secure the use of grease trap waste (GTW) and sewage scum grease (SSG) as feedstock sources for biodiesel, the sulfur content of the biodiesel produced must be reduced to 15 ppm before it can be marketed or blended, according to the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) in specification ASTM D6751‐15ce1 () (Stanislaus, Marafi, & Rana, ). When present in fuel, sulfur contributes to increased acid levels and interferes with the oxidizing agents present in the emission control system, reducing their effectiveness and releasing dangerous toxins into the atmosphere, including hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide (Alleman et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Sulfur‐Containing Impurities in Biodiesel Produced From Brown Grease

Hughes

Jones

Hums

et al. 2018

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from waste grease usually contain higher concentrations of sulfur (S) than allowed to meet the specified quality standard for biodiesel (<15 ppm). Brown grease lipid-derived FAME was produced and fractionated by two passes through a wiped-film evaporator (WFE) to produce three fractions:(1) a 120 C pass distillate, (2) a 170 C pass distillate, and (3) a heavy residue. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used to concentrate the S species from the distillate fractions so that they could be detected by a gas chromatographypulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) and GCmass spectrometry (MS). The ethyl acetate and methanol (MeOH) fractions obtained by SPE of the 120 C WFE distillate and methyl tert-butyl ether and acetone fractions obtained by SPE of the 170 C WFE distillate had the highest concentration of S and were, therefore, the best candidates for GC-PFPD analysis. GC-PFPD methods were developed to separate the S species adequately enough for those peaks to be analyzed by GC-MS which matched fragmentation patterns identified by the MS chemical library as tetrahydrothiophenes, dithiolanes, and thiophenes. MS fragmentation patterns were used to identify other, larger, S-bearing species as sulfides and disulfides cross-linking between two FAME molecules. The results obtained from this study provide a foundation for developing effective purification methods to remove S-containing impurities from waste grease-derived biodiesel.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Sulfur‐Containing Impurities in Biodiesel Produced From Brown Grease

Hughes

Jones

Hums

et al. 2018

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Besides having lower GCV, due to combined effect of AFR, combustion temperature, injected fuel pressure, start of injection (SOI), piston bowl geometry, and biodiesel blend ratio on combustion, CO2 emission varies according to both load and engine conditions. However, even though there is an increase at measured CO2 at exhaust gas with biodiesel usage, it should cause less environmental concern as the study at Argonne National Laboratory on B100 reveals that life-cycle greenhouse gas emission of biodiesel is %74 lower than pure diesel [26].…”

Section: Co2 Emission and Fuel Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effects of Biodiesel on Emission and Performance by Comparing the Results of the NEDC and WLTC

Kaya¹,

Kutlar²,

Taşkıran³

2018

Preprint

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In this paper, the effects of biodiesel on performance and emission of the current and new-coming regulation cycles, namely the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC), were investigated by conducting tests on a passenger car, Euro-5 Ford Fiesta, equipped with a 1.5-liter diesel engine. In a two-axle chassis dynamometer test bed, NEDC and WLTC were performed with pure diesel and biodiesel-to-diesel blend (30% biodiesel, 70% diesel in volume). A substantial reduction in CO, HC, and PN emissions was observed for both the NEDC and WLTC when biodiesel was used. Besides, it was found that the WLTC has higher load and velocity profile compared to the NEDC. Moreover, lower CO, HC, and PN emissions were observed with B30 fuel under WLTC compared to the NEDC. Nevertheless, slightly higher CO2 and substantially higher NOx emissions were observed for the WLTC compared to the NEDC.

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“…And the most common products used for biofuel production are vegetable oils such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil, canola oil, corn oil, recycled cooking fats or oils, and animal fats such as beef tallow, lard, and a variety of combinations of these raw materials. The cooking oils are recycled and most of them are of vegetable origin, but they can also contain animal fats [8].…”

Section: Types Of Biofuels and Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of the Politics, Social and Economic aspects related to biofuels in USA, People R China and Colombia

Ochoa¹,

Quiñones²,

Abril³

2018

IJET

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The increase in CO 2 production by the automotive sector has led to an increase in work towards new technologies that reduce their contribution to pollution, such as electric cars, hybrids and the use of fuels obtained from renewable sources or biofuels. This study has focused on the production of biofuels because it is the first renewable option for cleaner combustion because it significantly reduces carbon emissions. Because of this, the PES analysis looked at the reasons why this large difference occurs. The first review was of state regulations governing biofuel production in the three countries studied. The USA and People's R China have clear policies and very consistent goals accompanied by investments and tax extensions and these policies were compared with those implemented by Colombia to have a measure of how far this country is from the world powers in terms of biofuel production.

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Biodiesel Handling and Use Guide (Fifth Edition)

Cited by 77 publications

References 5 publications

Identification of Sulfur‐Containing Impurities in Biodiesel Produced From Brown Grease

Identification of Sulfur‐Containing Impurities in Biodiesel Produced From Brown Grease

Evaluation of the Effects of Biodiesel on Emission and Performance by Comparing the Results of the NEDC and WLTC

Comparative study of the Politics, Social and Economic aspects related to biofuels in USA, People R China and Colombia

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