Biodiesel Fuel Production by Enzymatic Transesterification of Oils: Recent Trends, Challenges and Future Perspectives

Luković, Nevena; Knežević‐Jugović, Zorica; Bezbradica, Dejan

doi:10.5772/21905

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…This could be attributed to the less inhibitive effect of methanol on the immobilized enzyme (CLEA). 29,30 The desirable value for the enzyme concentration is 6% (w/w of fat), as shown in the desirability profiler with a corresponding desirable value for FAME production to be 92.6% ( Figure 2F). The study of Subhedar et al 31 on ultrasound intensification for biodiesel production using Lipozyme TL showed that it suppressed the need for an excess of methanol.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Therefore, the influence of enzyme recovery and reuse was not included in the study, although the enzyme manufacturer (CLEA Technologies, Delftechpark, Netherland) has specified the minimum activity of the CALB enzyme used in the study to be 30.000 PLU/g [i.e., 1 unit will catalyze the formation of 1 μmol of propyllaurate (PL) ester at 60°C]. The ultrasound amplitude was varied from low to mild regions (30,35,40,45, and 50%) to prevent disintegration of the immobilized enzyme matrix by ultrasound waves. The ultrasonic wave cycle was investigated at 3, 5, and 7 kHz, factorially combined with three levels of ultrasonic amplitudes (30,40, and 50%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ultrasound amplitude was varied from low to mild regions (30,35,40,45, and 50%) to prevent disintegration of the immobilized enzyme matrix by ultrasound waves. The ultrasonic wave cycle was investigated at 3, 5, and 7 kHz, factorially combined with three levels of ultrasonic amplitudes (30,40, and 50%). To study the transesterification reaction, fat/methanol molar ratios of 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8 were factorially combined with enzyme concentrations of 4, 6 and 8% (w/w) of fat.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis and Kinetics of Ultrasonic-Assisted Methanolysis of Waste Choice White Grease for Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Production

2015

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In this study, the effects of ultrasonic parameters (amplitude, cycle, and pulse) and major reaction factors (molar ratio and enzyme concentration) on the reaction kinetics of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) generation from waste choice white grease (CWG) biocatalyzed by immobilized lipase [Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB)] were investigated. A yield of 98.2% was attained in 20 min at an ultrasonic amplitude (40%) at 5 kHz, fat/methanol molar ratio (1:4), and catalyst level of 6% (wt/wt of fat). The effect of ultrasonic mixing on the reaction kinetic of enzymatic transesterification was investigated using a Ping Pong Bi Bi kinetic model approach. Kinetic constants of the transesterification reaction were determined at different ultrasonic amplitudes (30, 35, 40, 45, and 50%) and enzyme concentrations (4, 6, and 8 wt % of fat) at a constant molar ratio (fat/methanol) of 1:6 and ultrasonic cycle of 5 kHz. The fitted curves of the kinetic mechanism showed a sigmoidal curve as a result of mass-transfer limitations, which controlled the process at the beginning of the reaction. The kinetic model results also revealed interesting features of ultrasound-assisted enzyme-catalyzed transesterification. The kinetic model approach described the whole methanolysis process accurately. At the ultrasonic amplitude of 40%, the reaction activities within the system seemed to have steadied after 20 min, which means that the reaction could proceed with or without ultrasonic mixing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis and Kinetics of Ultrasonic-Assisted Methanolysis of Waste Choice White Grease for Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Production

2015

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“…5 showed that, among acyl acceptors tested, methanol and ethyl acetate are the most active acceptors for production of FAME from fungal lipids and the activities of lipases decreased with ethanol and propanol. Methyl acetate and ethyl acetate were found to be as appropriate acyl acceptors [41,42], but they have been found to be much more expensive than the more commonly used short chain alcohols [17]. Methyl acetate and ethyl acetate eliminate the risk of deactivation of lipase enzyme by glycerol, as no glycerol is produced in the reaction.…”

Section: Lipase Thermostabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Improvement of fungal lipids esterification process by bacterial lipase for biodiesel synthesis

Abd‐Alla

Bagy

Morsy

et al. 2015

Fuel

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“…Enzymes also guarantee that both free fatty acids and triglycerides are converted to fatty acid alkyl esters [3,7,8]. However, enzymatic biodiesel production has drawbacks related to actual industrial enzymes which are characterized by high production costs, inhibition by secondary products, low yields, low reaction rates, and low enzyme stability in the presence of methanol in excess [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied Biocatalysis with an Organic Resistant Partially Purified Lipase from P. aeruginosa During FAME Production

Cabrejo¹,

Barrera²,

Prieto-Correa³

2015

TOCATJ

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A partially purified lipase from the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (PSA-01) isolated from the palm oil fruit Elaeis guineensis was used as biocatalyst to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Lyophilized lipase supernatant (LLS) was used during the first step to screen the main variables (pH, temperature, stoichiometric oil:methanol ratio, water content and type of oil). Other variables which were identified during the screening assays (scale of reaction recipient, LLS amount and use of hexane to solubilize methanol forming a methanol-oil microemulsion) were tested during a second step. The response variable was % molar yield of FAME. It was quantified by GC. Additionally, the LLS work parameters were optimized and compared to a partially purified lipase (PPL) during a final assay. The first-order interactions between the analyzed factors were significant (p<0.05). The highest yield was 4.16% w/w (respect to oil) using a partially purified lipase (PPL) with pH 8, refined, bleached, and deodorized oil (RBD), 5% water (by volume) in oil and 10% hexane (by volume), and a stoichiometric ratio of 1:170 oil:methanol. The final assay was carried out at 54°C and 200 rpm for 48 hours. It resulted in a 34.68% conversion using PPL. It also showed a 13-fold improvement versus the initial yield with LLS, suggesting the need for a better purification process. During this research, the lipase was partially purified and used at an alkaline pH. It showed resistance to organic compounds such as methanol and hexane. This implies great potential to act as an effective biocatalyst in the implementation of biodiesel production processes.

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Biodiesel Fuel Production by Enzymatic Transesterification of Oils: Recent Trends, Challenges and Future Perspectives

Cited by 24 publications

References 92 publications

Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis and Kinetics of Ultrasonic-Assisted Methanolysis of Waste Choice White Grease for Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Production

Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis and Kinetics of Ultrasonic-Assisted Methanolysis of Waste Choice White Grease for Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Production

Improvement of fungal lipids esterification process by bacterial lipase for biodiesel synthesis

Applied Biocatalysis with an Organic Resistant Partially Purified Lipase from P. aeruginosa During FAME Production

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