Biodiesel from mutton fat using KOH impregnated MgO as heterogeneous catalysts

Mutreja, Vishal; Singh, Satnam; Ali, Amjad

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2011.01.019

Cited by 95 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Screening of highly active supported catalysts for synthesis of glycerol carbonate Magnesium oxide has been widely used as a basic carrier in industrial processes, with excellent catalytic activity [24,[27][28][29]. In this work, MgO supported by CaO and potassium compounds (KNO 3 , KOH, and K 2 CO 3 ) was prepared and used for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and DMC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by K2CO3/MgO

Dong³

et al. 2011

Res Chem Intermed

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A series of M/MgO (M = CaO, KNO 3 , KOH, K 2 CO 3 ) catalysts were prepared by a dry impregnation method and used for synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate. It was found that K 2 CO 3 /MgO was the most efficient catalyst, with a glycerol carbonate yield of approximately 99% under the conditions: DMC/glycerol molar ratio 2.5:1, catalyst/raw material weight ratio 1%, reaction time 2 h, and reaction temperature 80°C. FTIR, BET, TEM, and XRD were used for characterization of the catalyst and showed that the active sites seemed to be K 2 O formed on the K 2 CO 3 /MgO catalyst. Finally, a recycling experiment showed that the catalyst was relatively stable and could be reused up to four times, at least, by regeneration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by K2CO3/MgO

Dong³

et al. 2011

Res Chem Intermed

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“…11 Several researchers have used different animal fats waste as feedstocks for biodiesel production. Specifically, beef tallow, [25][26][27] lard, 8,10,23,28 and fat (poultry, chicken, sheep, mutton, and fish) 7, [29][30][31][32][33][34] have been used to produce high-quality biodiesel yield. Tallow is a waste final product, which is generated in slaughterhouses, processing facilities, or by rendering operations.…”

Section: The Need For Animal Fats In Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the approaches investigated as viable potential options to overcome the problem of high FFA when using animal fats waste include the use of excess catalyst, 28 the distillation refining processes, 39 the FFA solvent extraction, 21,40 the alkali refining method, 41 and the commonly used pre-esterification method. 42 The pre-esterification technique involves a fat deacidification process, by applying homogeneous [43][44][45] or 10,31,42 acid catalysis, in a reaction, which is depicted in Figure 5. In addition, Table 2 shows the fatty acid profile of animal fats waste, which contain high levels of SFAs requiring more complex production techniques.…”

Section: The Need For Animal Fats In Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in biodiesel production from commonly used animal fats

et al. 2017

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Summary Changes in climate due to the enormous amount of carbon dioxide emissions have really encouraged the development of energy sources that are renewable, sustainable, and eco‐friendly. The development of alternative energy sources can also be attributed to the rapid decrease in resources of fossil energy. Biodiesel has gained significant interest in recent years due to its fossil fuel–like properties and sustainable and eco‐friendly characteristics. However, most biodiesels are expensive because of the high cost of feedstock largely based on edible vegetable oil sources. The use of animal fats waste as cost effective feedstock in biodiesel production has gained considerable attention in recent years. Although, most studies regarding the use of animal wastes as feedstock in biodiesel production are still in the early stages, the advantages of this type of feedstock have been highlighted in the literature. However, most studies have not focus on the recent advances in the use of animal fats waste. The studies on the use of novel approach have been reported in isolation. Therefore, this current study attempts to highlight recent developments of the most commonly used animal fats waste in the production of biodiesel. In addition, emphasis was given to the most appropriate production technique, catalyst, energy requirement, and optimum reaction conditions.

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“…of catalyst. In our previous report 14 , optimized reaction parameters for the transesterification of mutton fat using MgO impregnated with KOH catalyst were; 4 wt. of catalyst MgO impregnated with 20 KOH and 1:22 molar ratio of fat to methanol under reflux.…”

Section: Effect Of Amount Of Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In first stage, esterification was carried out with p-toluenesulfonic acid followed by transesterification with methanol using sodium methoxide as catalyst. Recently, we reported the preparation of biodiesel from mutton fat using potassium impregnated MgO catalyst 14 . Mutton fat being waste by-product of meat industry seems to be an excellent feedstock for biodiesel production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%