Biodiesel and its properties

Etim, Anietie Okon; Jisieike, Chiazor Faustina; Ibrahim, Taiwo Hassan; Betiku, Eriola

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824295-7.00004-8

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Calorific value, also known as heating value or heat of combustion, is a measurement of the total energy content released as heat when a substance is entirely burned with air or oxygen [53]. The Calorific Value (CV) was determined by using Bomb Calorimeter for the sludge which is found to be within the limit.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic Study of Industrial Sludge, Treatment and Their Disposal Mechanism

Shete

Deshpande

2022

EPRA

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This research papers is the characteristic study and suggestive measure for disposal mechanism for the sludge. Sludge is one of the important common waste materials which is generated in tons per day from many industries. The different types of waste materials can undergo various treatment based upon its characteristics which also resulted in the variation for the treatment like Stabilization before disposal, Direct Landfill (DLF), Alternative Fuel and Raw material (AFRF), Incineration, Solvent recovery, Chemical treatment, Recycling of metals and others for the Hazardous waste management process. The various physicochemical, gravimetric and spot test were carried out in order to determine the quality of the waste and its suitability for the disposal by following different national and international methods. Further, Heavy metals were also analyzed by AAS obtained by following different methods in different forms like TM, TCLP and WLT which also indicated that the heavy metals are within the limits. Overall, the results obtained were found to be within the limits provided by the CPCB guidelines and the waste is suitable for the direct landfill disposal mechanism. KEYWORDS: Industrial Sludge, Hazardous Waste Management, Heavy metals

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic Study of Industrial Sludge, Treatment and Their Disposal Mechanism

Shete

Deshpande

2022

EPRA

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“…A low ester content results from contaminants present in the oil or improper reaction conditions, as well as incomplete reactions. Contaminants include sterols, residual alcohols, glyceride fractions, non-degradable glycerol, and unsaponifiable materials [66,67]. However, these contaminants can be removed through the distillation process.…”

Section: Statistical Processing Of the Quality Parameters Of Bro And Bfamentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Quality of Biodiesel under the Influence of a Rapeseed Fertilization System

et al. 2023

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Compared to fossil fuels, biodiesel is a clean fuel, does not pollute the environment, and can be produced from inexhaustible natural sources. The objectives of our research are to study how increasing doses of complex fertilizers, applied to rapeseed oil culture, affect the production of rapeseeds and oil; the comparative study between the quality parameters of refined rapeseed oil (RRO) and fatty acids (FA); and the analysis of the quality of the biodiesel obtained from them (BRO and BFA). The experimental field is set-up in a Latin rectangle format and is placed on a total area of 400 m2 divided into 16 parcels, randomized for uniformity with four replications and four fertilizer graduations (N0P0K0—Control, N160P160K160, N320P320K320, N480P480K480). To obtain biodiesel form oil (BRO) and fatty acids (BFA), the processes of esterification, transesterification, refining, washing, sedimentation, and drying were applied. A comparison between biodiesel quality parameters from RRO and FAs were made, and we highlighted the differences in quality compared to samples from the experimental field. The use of large amounts of complex fertilizers leads to high yields of rapeseed (13.3–47.0 q ha−1) and oil (629.8–2130.8 L ha−1), which are statistically significant only for high doses (N320P320K320 and N480P480K480). For most of the qualitative parameters studied, the differences in values between BFA and BRO have positive values, which means a higher quality for BRO. Both BRO and BFA generally fall within the quality parameters imposed by European standards (ES). Although the quality of BRO is superior to BFA, it is produced on a smaller scale due to the nutritional importance of refined rapeseed oil. This study is of particular importance in the optimization of rapeseed fertilization, with a view to the efficient conversion of crude oil, a feedstock for chemical fertilizers and an environmentally friendly fuel.

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“…These include factors such as ignition quality, exhaust gas emissions, calorific value, specific fuel consumption, ease of operation, and combustion characteristics of the air-fuel mixture. The low-temperature properties of the fuel, such as cold filter plugging point (CFPP), cold soak filterability, cloud point, and pour point, are also important considerations [30]. Additionally, the important aspect to look for a good biodiesel is the cetane number, which tells the ignition properties of fuels.…”

Section: Biodiesel Quality and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced triacylglycerol production in chlorella vulgaris by flux balance analysis on metabolic network

Kaothong

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Triacylglycerol (TAG) is a type of lipid that can be produced by a microalga called�Chlorella vulgaris, which is a promising source of biodiesel. However, there is a lack of research and models explaining how to directly produce this lipid. To address this, we propose using linear minimization of metabolic adjustment (LMOMA), which predicts gene manipulation effects based on Flux Balance Analysis (FBA), to enhance TAG production. We conducted single-gene deletion experiments on the genome-scale metabolic model of�C. vulgaris�UTEX 395 (iCZ843) under different growth conditions: heterotrophy, photoautotrophy, and mixotrophy conditions. We found that the TAG production increased by 5 and 8 times in heterotrophy after deleting genes genemark_Scaffold_1220-abinit-gene-0.13' and genemark_Scaffold_1016-abinit-gene-0.16', respectively. Moreover, in photoautotrophic, after the deletion of maker_Scaffold_332-augustus-gene-0.46' gene, we found that the TAG productions were increased at 7 times. In mixotrophic, the TAG production was increased at 5 times after the deletion of 'maker_Scaffold_33-augustus-gene-0.119'. Moreover, even if there is limited information about fatty acid ?-oxidation in�Chlorella vulgaris, our study suggests that manipulating this process could be a valuable strategy for enhancing TAG production for this species. Understanding and manipulating the fatty acid ?-oxidation pathway could contribute to the development of high TAG strains for various applications, including biofuel, nutrition, and eco-friendly solutions. �

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Biodiesel and its properties

Cited by 12 publications

References 134 publications

Characteristic Study of Industrial Sludge, Treatment and Their Disposal Mechanism

Characteristic Study of Industrial Sludge, Treatment and Their Disposal Mechanism

Production and Quality of Biodiesel under the Influence of a Rapeseed Fertilization System

Enhanced triacylglycerol production in chlorella vulgaris by flux balance analysis on metabolic network

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