Biodesulfurization Processes for the Removal of Sulfur from Diesel Oil: A Perspective Report

Abstract

The presence of elevated levels of sulfur in diesel oil results in an increased sulfur content in the process stream, which poses significant risks to human health, animals, the environment, vehicles, and infrastructure. Sulfur is a major contributor to particulate matter (PM) and total PM emissions. The level of pollutants emitted is correlated to the sulfur content in diesel fuel. Consequently, regulations regarding the sulfur content in crude oil products, particularly in diesel oil, have become increasingly stringent. Refiners are working to develop sulfur-free fuels with less than 10 ppm of sulfur. To address the impending threats to human health and the environment, and the impact of climate change on property, eco-friendly desulfurization techniques such as biodesulfurization (BDS) are being explored. Several bacterial species have been identified for the BDS of diesel oil, but extensive studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism. Further research on BDS is also required to make it more attractive and competitive in industrial applications. Combining BDS with other technologies for the desulfurization of diesel oil can potentially reduce operating costs and improve resource allocation, making this innovation a viable option for industry.

Determination of Sulphur Dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) Air Emission of Refined Petroleum Products by Emission Factor Approach for Air Pollution Control

“…However, the oil era is far from ending, and the new policy scenario's oil demand growth is still strong partly because of the increased use of shipping, aviation, and land transportation causing the emission of sulphur dioxide. Additionally, acid rain is produced when sulphur combines with water vapor in various atmospheric oxide forms [22]. Maintaining economic development while causing less environmental damage has piqued the interest of regulators and researchers [23].…”

Onboard Miniature Jet Fuel Desulfurizer for Mobile Fuel Cell Power Systems

“…These technologies are based on different desulfurization methods, including hydrodesulfurization (HDS), [ 13,14 ] oxidative desulfurization, [ 15–18 ] adsorptive desulfurization (ADS), [ 19–23 ] reactive ADS, [ 24,25 ] and biodesulfurization. [ 26 ] Among these, HDS and ADS are the two methods that have been adopted for the desulfurization of petroleum fuels or their reformate streams for fuel cell utilization. In an HDS reactor, organic sulfur compounds catalytically react with hydrogen to form hydrogen sulfide, which is subsequently converted to zinc sulfide over a bed of zinc oxide.…”

Advancing gasoline desulfurization: Multi-objective fuzzy optimization in systems technology

“…This is crucial in fuel utilization because it allows for advanced emission controls and reduces the environmental impact of sulfur. Varied methods have been implemented to reduce the sulfur content in fuels through desulfurization such as hydrodesulfurization (HDS) [ 4 ], oxidative desulfurization (ODS) [ 5 ], extractive desulfurization [ 6 ], biodesulfurization [ 7 ], and desulfurization through alkylation, chlorinolysis, and supercritical water [ 8 ]. The significance of these procedures is that they provide a large portion of the sulfur used in the industry, enable the use of sulfur-free compounds in several catalytic processes, and reduce the emission of hazardous sulfur compounds [ 1 ].…”