Biodegradation of phthalic acid esters in river water and activated sludge

Saeger, Victor W.; Tucker, E. S.

doi:10.1128/aem.31.1.29-34.1976

Cited by 103 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(11 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This release has raised considerable concerns, as recent studies have suggested that common plasticizers may not be entirely benign and completely biodegradable, as originally thought [3,4]. Plasticizers and their metabolites have been found in environmental samples of soil [5][6][7][8], surface water [9][10][11][12], and the tissue of mammals [13][14][15]. Plasticizers have also been found to bioconcentrate and bioaccumulate in some species of fish and amphibians, where they were found to be carcinogenic and to interfere with reproduction [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of 1,5‐pentanediol dibenzoate as a potential “green” plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride)

Firlotte

Cooper

Marić

et al. 2009

Vinyl Additive Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1,5-Pentanediol dibenzoate (PDDB) was evaluated as a potential ''green'' plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) at concentrations ranging between 20 and 80 parts by weight per hundred parts of resin. The results of glass transition temperature (T g ) and tensile tests of PDDB blends with PVC were compared with those for blends of the commercial plasticizers di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di(ethylene glycol) dibenzoate (DEGDB), and di(propylene glycol) dibenzoate (DPGDB) in PVC. The depression in T g and the tensile properties were comparable for a PDDB/PVC blend at a fixed composition to those of blends with DEHP, DEGDB, and DPGDB. The PDDB was subjected to biodegradation using co-metabolism by the common soil bacterium Rhodococcus rhodochrous (ATCC 13808). After 16 days of growth, nearly all of the PDDB was degraded, and only small amounts of transient, unidentified metabolites were observed in the growth medium during the experiment. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 15:99-107, 2009. ª

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of 1,5‐pentanediol dibenzoate as a potential “green” plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride)

Firlotte

Cooper

Marić

et al. 2009

Vinyl Additive Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Longer halflives may occur in anaerobic, oligotrophic, or cold environments. Biodegradation is considered to be the most significant aquatic fate process for phthalate esters [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic Toxicity of Eighteen Phthalate Esters

Staples¹,

Adams²,

Parkerton

et al. 1997

Environ Toxicol Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-The extensive database of acute and chronic aquatic toxicity data for 18 phthalate esters was reviewed and summarized for freshwater and saltwater aquatic microorganisms, algae, invertebrates, and fish. Phthalate esters have been tested with six species of microorganisms, including bacteria and protozoans. Fifteen algal species have been tested, including green and bluegreen algae in both freshwater and saltwater. Nineteen freshwater and saltwater invertebrate species inhabiting surface waters and sediments and 21 freshwater and saltwater fish inhabiting cold and warm water bodies have been tested. The results of most studies indicate that acute and chronic toxicity to microorganisms, algae, aquatic invertebrates, and fish are limited to the lower molecular weight phthalate esters (i.e., dimethyl-, diethyl-, diallyl-, dipropyl-, dibutyl-, diisobutyl-, and butylbenzylphthalate). In contrast, higher molecular weight phthalate esters are not acutely or chronically toxic to aquatic organisms. Although conflicting data on chronic effects for high molecular weight phthalate esters have been reported for daphnids, these inconsistencies are attributed to physical effects imposed on daphnids when exposed to test concentrations in excess of true water solubilities. Altogether, nearly 400 test results covering more than 60 species of microorganisms, algae, invertebrates, and fish are reported for both freshwater and saltwater aquatic species. While most investigators used several common species and standard protocols to assay conventional endpoints, many nontraditional species and toxicological endpoints were also used. This has created a toxicological database of both sufficient depth to compare many similar tests and sufficient breadth to encompass virtually all important types of aquatic habitats and classes of aquatic species.

show abstract

“…Therefore, it can be released from the material while being used 2. Plasticizers and their metabolites have been found in environmental samples of soil3–6 and surface water 7–10. The most widespread material in the production of blood storage bags, haemodialysis and drain tubes or catheters is PVC plasticized with di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copolyesters as non‐toxic plasticizers

Zhou

Ritter

2011

Polymer International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plasticized polymer materials have taken an enormous role in our everyday life. Most of the common plasticizers are aromatics, esters of phthalic acid. Since they are not chemically bonded to the polymer matrix, they can be released from material while being used. The concerns raised about toxicity led to a large demand for producing biodegradable and non-toxic plasticizers. We investigated aliphatic copolyesters synthesized via ring opening polymerization of lactones as plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride). The material properties of the formulations, such as glass transition temperature and mechanical performance, were studied.

show abstract

Biodegradation of phthalic acid esters in river water and activated sludge

Cited by 103 publications

References 16 publications

Characterization of 1,5‐pentanediol dibenzoate as a potential “green” plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride)

Characterization of 1,5‐pentanediol dibenzoate as a potential “green” plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride)

Aquatic Toxicity of Eighteen Phthalate Esters

Copolyesters as non‐toxic plasticizers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About