Biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel

Transient Behavior in Biodegradation of 2, 4 Dichlorophenol: Is It a Starvation Effect?

“…Phenols are well known for their high toxicity for human life, aquatic life and others [8]- [10]. They are considered to be among the most hazardous contaminants, and they are certainly the most difficult to remove [11]. They are not amenable to conventional treatment process and, in the presence of chlorine, can react with chlorine to produce chlorophenols,  Manuscript received July 3, 2013; revised September 6, 2013.…”

“…Biological treatment of phenols has been an increasingly important process in pollution control [2], [19], [20]. Moreover, compared with physico-chemical methods, the biodegradation method of phenols removal is a more environmental friendly and cost effective alternative, universally preferred, because of the possibility of complete mineralization of phenol [2], [11], which results in complete conversion of a compound to its inorganic mineral constituents [1]. It is considered a favorable and most promising approach [10].…”

“…Biomass immobilization is an important and effective technique that is usually employed to protect the bacteria from high phenol concentrations and allow reutilization of the biomass [11], [20], [21]. Many types of aerobic bacteria, including Pseudomonas putida, are believed to be capable of consuming aromatic compounds as the only source of carbon and energy [11], [20], [21].…”

“…Many types of aerobic bacteria, including Pseudomonas putida, are believed to be capable of consuming aromatic compounds as the only source of carbon and energy [11], [20], [21]. In recent years, the strain of P. putida has been the most widely used type of bacteria for phenols biodegradation.…”

“…Taghreed T. Al-Khalid and Muftah H. El-Naas source of organic compounds [11]. Biomass activity and acclimatization process were examined by studying the effect of glucose presence on the biodegradation of 2, 4 dichlorophenol (2, 4 DCP) using immobilized P. putida in a bubble column bioreactor.…”