Biodegradation of Herbicide Propanil and Its Subproduct 3,4‐Dichloroaniline in Water

Abstract

The rational use of pesticides generates an impact which is normally reversed and eliminated by the environment itself. However, the indiscriminate use of pesticides makes its natural degradation rhythm difficult, prolonging their presence in the soil for a great deal of time. Aiming towards a decrease in the environmental impact of pesticides, soil microorganisms capable of degrading pesticides, such as propanil, were investigated. An Enterobacter cloacae strain, isolated from rice field soil, was exposed to the herbicide propanil alone and in a mixture containing also bentazone, clomazone, quinclorac, and 2,4-D. This bacterium was able to eliminate 100% of the applied propanil in 28 days. Propanil degradation in the 5-herbicide mixture was much lower than that of individual pesticide degradation. The aeration of the system helped to degrade propanil and its subproduct 3,4-dichloroaniline much faster. LC with UV detection was used to determine the remaining concentrations of the herbicides and their subproducts.

Evaluation of alternative sorbents for dispersive solid‐phase extraction clean‐up in the QuEChERS method for the determination of pesticide residues in rice by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

“…The acetate buffered QuEChERS method was adequate for the extraction of the selected compounds. The method permitted the determination of polar compounds, including the metabolite 3,4‐dichloroaniline (3,4‐DCA) originated by the herbicides propanil, diuron, and linuron . It is well known that the presence of metabolites of pesticides in food is a concern and can affect human health .…”

Determination of pesticides in hydroponic water for environmental phytoremediation

“…Different compositions of mobile phase containing acetonitrile, methanol, and water (pH 3) were tested according (ROEHRS et al, 2012). The mobile phase was composed with acetonitrile/methanol/ultrapure water in pH 3 (aqueous phosphoric acid solution (1:1, v/v) in the ratio of 27:27:46% with a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min at time 0-20 min, and 30:30:40% with flow rate 1.2 mL/min at time 20-35 min.…”

Booster Biocides Levels in the Major Blood Cockle (Tegillarca granosa L., 1758) Cultivation Areas along the Coastal Area of Peninsular Malaysia

“…The result in Tables 2 and 3 suggest that the concentrations of 3,4-DCA in both blood cockle and sediment were lower compared to the parent material of diuron. 3,4-DCA has high solubility in various discharge paths, mainly in the water and soil, and passes through the biodegradation process either by bacteria or fungi [43][44][45][46][47]. Another study revealed that algae has the potential to remove 3,4-DCA in the aquatic environment.…”